List Of Theoretical Physicists
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The following is a partial list of notable
theoretical physicists The following is a partial list of notable theoretical physicists. Arranged by century of birth, then century of death, then year of birth, then year of death, then alphabetically by surname. For explanation of symbols, see Notes at end of this ar ...
. Arranged by century of birth, then century of death, then year of birth, then year of death, then alphabetically by surname. For explanation of symbols, see Notes at end of this article.


Ancient times Ancient history is a time period from the beginning of writing and recorded human history to as far as late antiquity. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with the Sumerian cuneiform script. Ancient history cov ...

*
Thales Thales of Miletus ( ; grc-gre, Θαλῆς; ) was a Greek mathematician, astronomer, statesman, and pre-Socratic philosopher from Miletus in Ionia, Asia Minor. He was one of the Seven Sages of Greece. Many, most notably Aristotle, regarded ...
(c. 624 – c. 546 BCE) *
Pythagoras Pythagoras of Samos ( grc, Πυθαγόρας ὁ Σάμιος, Pythagóras ho Sámios, Pythagoras the Samian, or simply ; in Ionian Greek; ) was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism. His poli ...
^* (c. 570 – c. 495 BCE) *
Democritus Democritus (; el, Δημόκριτος, ''Dēmókritos'', meaning "chosen of the people"; – ) was an Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher from Abdera, primarily remembered today for his formulation of an atomic theory of the universe. No ...
° (c. 460 – c. 370 BCE) *
Aristotle Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of ...
‡ (384–322 BCE) *
Archimedes Archimedes of Syracuse (;; ) was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor from the ancient city of Syracuse in Sicily. Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientis ...
º* (c. 287 – c. 212 BCE) *
Hypatia Hypatia, Koine pronunciation (born 350–370; died 415 AD) was a neoplatonist philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician, who lived in Alexandria, Egypt, then part of the Eastern Roman Empire. She was a prominent thinker in Alexandria where ...
^ªº (c. 350–370; died 415 AD)


Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...

* Al Farabi (c. 872 – c. 950) *
Ibn al-Haytham Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham, Latinized as Alhazen (; full name ; ), was a medieval mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age from present-day Iraq.For the description of his main fields, see e.g. ("He is one of the prin ...
(c. 965 – c. 1040) *
Al Beruni Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni (973 – after 1050) commonly known as al-Biruni, was a Khwarazmian Iranian in scholar and polymath during the Islamic Golden Age. He has been called variously the "founder of Indology", "Father of Co ...
(c. 973 – c. 1048) * Omar Khayyám (c. 1048 – c. 1131) *
Nasir al-Din Tusi Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Tūsī ( fa, محمد ابن محمد ابن حسن طوسی 18 February 1201 – 26 June 1274), better known as Nasir al-Din al-Tusi ( fa, نصیر الدین طوسی, links=no; or simply Tusi in the West ...
(1201–1274) *
Jean Buridan Jean Buridan (; Latin: ''Johannes Buridanus''; – ) was an influential 14th-century French people, French Philosophy, philosopher. Buridan was a teacher in the Faculty (division)#Faculty of Art, faculty of arts at the University of Paris for hi ...
 (1301 – c. 1359/62) *
Nicole Oresme Nicole Oresme (; c. 1320–1325 – 11 July 1382), also known as Nicolas Oresme, Nicholas Oresme, or Nicolas d'Oresme, was a French philosopher of the later Middle Ages. He wrote influential works on economics, mathematics, physics, astrology an ...
(c. 1320 – 1325 –1382) *
Sigismondo Polcastro Sigismondo Polcastro (1384–1473) was an Italian physician and natural philosopher. He was born to a jurist father, Girolamo, of the ancient de Porcastris family of Vicenza, and Maddalena Volpe of Padua. Perhaps born in Vicenza, he moved to P ...
(1384–1473)


15th–16th century

*
Nicolaus Copernicus Nicolaus Copernicus (; pl, Mikołaj Kopernik; gml, Niklas Koppernigk, german: Nikolaus Kopernikus; 19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance polymath, active as a mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic Church, Catholic cano ...
º (1473–1543)


16th century and 16th–17th centuries

*
Gerolamo Cardano Gerolamo Cardano (; also Girolamo or Geronimo; french: link=no, Jérôme Cardan; la, Hieronymus Cardanus; 24 September 1501– 21 September 1576) was an Italian polymath, whose interests and proficiencies ranged through those of mathematician, ...
(1501–1576) *
Tycho Brahe Tycho Brahe ( ; born Tyge Ottesen Brahe; generally called Tycho (14 December 154624 October 1601) was a Danish astronomer, known for his comprehensive astronomical observations, generally considered to be the most accurate of his time. He was k ...
(1546–1601) *
Giordano Bruno Giordano Bruno (; ; la, Iordanus Brunus Nolanus; born Filippo Bruno, January or February 1548 – 17 February 1600) was an Italian philosopher, mathematician, poet, cosmological theorist, and Hermetic occultist. He is known for his cosmologic ...
(1548–1600) *
Galileo Galilei Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei (15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642) was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath. Commonly referred to as Galileo, his name was pronounced (, ). He was ...
º* (1564–1642) *
Johannes Kepler Johannes Kepler (; ; 27 December 1571 – 15 November 1630) was a German astronomer, mathematician, astrologer, natural philosopher and writer on music. He is a key figure in the 17th-century Scientific Revolution, best known for his laws ...
º (1571–1630) *
Benedetto Castelli Benedetto Castelli (1578 – 9 April 1643), born Antonio Castelli, was an Italian mathematician. Benedetto was his name in religion on entering the Benedictine Order in 1595. Life Born in Brescia, Castelli studied at the University of Padua and l ...
(1578–1643) *
René Descartes René Descartes ( or ; ; Latinized: Renatus Cartesius; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, widely considered a seminal figure in the emergence of modern philosophy and science. Mathem ...
‡^ (1596–1650) *
Bonaventura Cavalieri Bonaventura Francesco Cavalieri ( la, Bonaventura Cavalerius; 1598 – 30 November 1647) was an Italian mathematician and a Jesuate. He is known for his work on the problems of optics and motion, work on indivisibles, the precursors of infi ...
(1598–1647)


17th century

*
Pierre de Fermat Pierre de Fermat (; between 31 October and 6 December 1607 – 12 January 1665) was a French mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to infinitesimal calculus, including his technique of adequality. In particular, he ...
(1607–1665) *
Evangelista Torricelli Evangelista Torricelli ( , also , ; 15 October 160825 October 1647) was an Italian physicist and mathematician, and a student of Galileo. He is best known for his invention of the barometer, but is also known for his advances in optics and work o ...
(1608–1647) *
Giovanni Alfonso Borelli Giovanni Alfonso Borelli (; 28 January 1608 – 31 December 1679) was a Renaissance Italian physiologist, physicist, and mathematician. He contributed to the modern principle of scientific investigation by continuing Galileo's practice of testi ...
(1608–1679) *
Francesco Maria Grimaldi Francesco Maria Grimaldi, SJ (2 April 1618 – 28 December 1663) was an Italian Jesuit priest, mathematician and physicist who taught at the Jesuit college in Bologna. He was born in Bologna to Paride Grimaldi and Anna Cattani. Work Between 1 ...
(1618–1663) *
Blaise Pascal Blaise Pascal ( , , ; ; 19 June 1623 – 19 August 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, and Catholic Church, Catholic writer. He was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, a tax collector in Rouen. Pa ...
^ (1623–1662) *
Erhard Weigel Erhard Weigel (16 December 1625 – 20 March 1699) was a German mathematician, astronomer and philosopher. Biography Weigel earned his M.A. (1650) and his habilitation (1652) from the University of Leipzig. From 1653 until his death he was profe ...
(1625–1699) *
Christiaan Huygens Christiaan Huygens, Lord of Zeelhem, ( , , ; also spelled Huyghens; la, Hugenius; 14 April 1629 – 8 July 1695) was a Dutch mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor, who is regarded as one of the greatest scientists of ...
^ (1629–1695)


17th–18th centuries

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Vincenzo Viviani Vincenzo Viviani (April 5, 1622 – September 22, 1703) was an Italian mathematician and scientist. He was a pupil of Torricelli and a disciple of Galileo.Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author (described in his time as a "natural philosopher"), widely recognised as one of the grea ...
^*º (1642–1727) *
Gottfried Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz . ( – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat. He is one of the most prominent figures in both the history of philosophy and the history of mathem ...
^ (1646–1716) *
Jacob Bernoulli Jacob Bernoulli (also known as James or Jacques; – 16 August 1705) was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family. He was an early proponent of Leibnizian calculus and sided with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz during the Le ...
(1655–1705) *
Edmond Halley Edmond (or Edmund) Halley (; – ) was an English astronomer, mathematician and physicist. He was the second Astronomer Royal in Britain, succeeding John Flamsteed in 1720. From an observatory he constructed on Saint Helena in 1676–77, H ...
(1656–1742) *
Luigi Guido Grandi Guido Grandi Dom Guido Grandi, O.S.B. Cam. (1 October 1671 – 4 July 1742) was an Italian monk, priest, philosopher, theologian, mathematician, and engineer. Life Grandi was born on 1 October 1671 in Cremona, Italy and christened Luigi ...
(1671–1742) *
Jakob Hermann Jakob Hermann (16 July 1678 – 11 July 1733) was a mathematician who worked on problems in classical mechanics. He is the author of ''Phoronomia'', an early treatise on Mechanics in Latin, which has been translated by Ian Bruce in 2015-16. In 172 ...
(1678–1733) * Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan (1678–1771) *
Nicolaus II Bernoulli Nicolaus II Bernoulli, a.k.a. Niklaus Bernoulli, Nikolaus Bernoulli (6 February 1695, Basel, Old Swiss Confederacy, Switzerland – 31 July 1726, Saint Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Imperial Russia, Russia) was a Switzerland, Swiss mathematician as ...
(1695–1726) *
Pierre Louis Maupertuis Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (; ; 1698 – 27 July 1759) was a French mathematician, philosopher and man of letters. He became the Director of the Académie des Sciences, and the first President of the Prussian Academy of Science, at the ...
(1698–1759) *
Daniel Bernoulli Daniel Bernoulli FRS (; – 27 March 1782) was a Swiss mathematician and physicist and was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family from Basel. He is particularly remembered for his applications of mathematics to mechan ...
(1700–1782)


18th century

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Leonhard Euler Leonhard Euler ( , ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geographer, logician and engineer who founded the studies of graph theory and topology and made pioneering and influential discoveries in ma ...
^ (1707–1783) *
Vincenzo Riccati Vincenzo Riccati (Castelfranco Veneto, 11 January 1707 – Treviso, 17 January 1775) was a Venetian mathematician and physicist. Life Vincenzo Riccati was the brother of Giordano Riccati, and the second son of Jacopo Riccati. He entered the ...
(1707–1785) *
Mikhail Lomonosov Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (; russian: Михаил (Михайло) Васильевич Ломоносов, p=mʲɪxɐˈil vɐˈsʲilʲjɪvʲɪtɕ , a=Ru-Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov.ogg; – ) was a Russian Empire, Russian polymath, s ...
(1711–1765) *
Laura Bassi Laura Maria Caterina Bassi Veratti (29 October 1711 – 20 February 1778) was an Italian physicist and academic. Recognized and depicted as "Minerva" (goddess of wisdom), she was the first woman to have a doctorate in science, and the second wo ...
ª* (1711–1778) *
Roger Joseph Boscovich Roger Joseph Boscovich ( hr, Ruđer Josip Bošković; ; it, Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich; la, Rogerius (Iosephus) Boscovicius; sr, Руђер Јосип Бошковић; 18 May 1711 – 13 February 1787) was a physicist, astronomer, ...
(1711–1787) * Johann Samuel König (1712–1757) *
Alexis Clairaut Alexis Claude Clairaut (; 13 May 1713 – 17 May 1765) was a French mathematician, astronomer, and geophysicist. He was a prominent Newtonian whose work helped to establish the validity of the principles and results that Sir Isaac Newton had out ...
(1713–1765) *
Jean le Rond d'Alembert Jean-Baptiste le Rond d'Alembert (; ; 16 November 1717 – 29 October 1783) was a French mathematician, mechanician, physicist, philosopher, and music theorist. Until 1759 he was, together with Denis Diderot, a co-editor of the ''Encyclopédie ...
(1717–1783)


18th–19th centuries

*
Franz Aepinus Franz Ulrich Theodor Aepinus (13 December 172410 August 1802) was a German mathematician, scientist, and natural philosopher residing in the Russian Empire. Aepinus is best known for his researches, theoretical and experimental, in electricity an ...
(1724–1802) *
Henry Cavendish Henry Cavendish ( ; 10 October 1731 – 24 February 1810) was an English natural philosopher and scientist who was an important experimental and theoretical chemist and physicist. He is noted for his discovery of hydrogen, which he termed "infl ...
(1731–1810) * Charles Coulomb (1736–1806) *
Joseph Lagrange Joseph-Louis Lagrange (born Giuseppe Luigi LagrangiaPierre-Simon Laplace Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace (; ; 23 March 1749 – 5 March 1827) was a French scholar and polymath whose work was important to the development of engineering, mathematics, statistics, physics, astronomy, and philosophy. He summarized ...
(1749–1827) *
Jurij Vega Baron Jurij Bartolomej Vega (also Veha; la, Georgius Bartholomaei Vecha; german: Georg Freiherr von Vega; born ''Vehovec'', March 23, 1754 – September 26, 1802) was a Slovene mathematician, physicist and artillery officer. Early life Bor ...
(1754–1802) *
John Dalton John Dalton (; 5 or 6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist and meteorologist. He is best known for introducing the atomic theory into chemistry, and for his research into colour blindness, which he had. Colour b ...
^ (1766–1844) *
Joseph Fourier Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier (; ; 21 March 1768 – 16 May 1830) was a French people, French mathematician and physicist born in Auxerre and best known for initiating the investigation of Fourier series, which eventually developed into Fourier an ...
^ (1768–1830) * Thomas Young‡* (1773–1829) *
Jean-Baptiste Biot Jean-Baptiste Biot (; ; 21 April 1774 – 3 February 1862) was a French physicist, astronomer, and mathematician who co-discovered the Biot–Savart law of magnetostatics with Félix Savart, established the reality of meteorites, made an early ba ...
(1774–1862) *
Étienne-Louis Malus Étienne-Louis Malus (; ; 23 July 1775 – 23 February 1812) was a French officer, engineer, physicist, and mathematician. Malus was born in Paris, France. He participated in Napoleon's expedition into Egypt (1798 to 1801) and was a member o ...
(1775–1812) *
André-Marie Ampère André-Marie Ampère (, ; ; 20 January 177510 June 1836) was a French physicist and mathematician who was one of the founders of the science of classical electromagnetism, which he referred to as "electrodynamics". He is also the inventor of nu ...
(1775–1836) *
Carl Friedrich Gauss Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (; german: Gauß ; la, Carolus Fridericus Gauss; 30 April 177723 February 1855) was a German mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to many fields in mathematics and science. Sometimes refer ...
^ (1777–1855) *
Siméon Denis Poisson Baron Siméon Denis Poisson FRS FRSE (; 21 June 1781 – 25 April 1840) was a French mathematician and physicist who worked on statistics, complex analysis, partial differential equations, the calculus of variations, analytical mechanics, electri ...
(1781–1840) *
Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana (6 November 1781 – 20 January 1864) was an Italian astronomer and mathematician. He is considered one of the premiere Italian scientists of his age. The crater Plana on the Moon is named in his honor. Biograph ...
(1781–1864) *
Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (; 22 July 1784 – 17 March 1846) was a German astronomer, mathematician, physicist, and geodesist. He was the first astronomer who determined reliable values for the distance from the sun to another star by the method ...
(1784–1846) *
Claude-Louis Navier Claude-Louis Navier (born Claude Louis Marie Henri Navier; ; 10 February 1785 – 21 August 1836) was a French mechanical engineer, affiliated with the French government, and a physicist who specialized in continuum mechanics. The Navier–Stok ...
(1785–1836) *
François Arago Dominique François Jean Arago ( ca, Domènec Francesc Joan Aragó), known simply as François Arago (; Catalan: ''Francesc Aragó'', ; 26 February 17862 October 1853), was a French mathematician, physicist, astronomer, freemason, supporter of t ...
(1786–1853) *
Augustin-Jean Fresnel Augustin-Jean Fresnel (10 May 1788 – 14 July 1827) was a French civil engineer and physicist whose research in optics led to the almost unanimous acceptance of the wave theory of light, excluding any remnant of Isaac Newton, Newton's co ...
(1788–1827) *
Georg Ohm Georg Simon Ohm (, ; 16 March 1789 – 6 July 1854) was a German physicist and mathematician. As a school teacher, Ohm began his research with the new electrochemical cell, invented by Italian scientist Alessandro Volta. Using equipment of his o ...
(1789–1854) *
Augustin-Louis Cauchy Baron Augustin-Louis Cauchy (, ; ; 21 August 178923 May 1857) was a French mathematician, engineer, and physicist who made pioneering contributions to several branches of mathematics, including mathematical analysis and continuum mechanics. He ...
(1789–1857) *
Félix Savart Félix Savart (; ; 30 June 1791, Mézières – 16 March 1841, Paris) was a French physicist and mathematician who is primarily known for the Biot–Savart law of electromagnetism, which he discovered together with his colleague Jean-Bapti ...
(1791–1841) *
Ottaviano-Fabrizio Mossotti Ottaviano-Fabrizio Mossotti (18 April 1791 – 20 March 1863) was an Italian physicist who was exiled from Italy for his Liberalism, liberal ideas. During the First Italian War of Independence he led a "battalion of students," part of a delegat ...
(1791–1863) *
Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis (; 21 May 1792 – 19 September 1843) was a French mathematician, mechanical engineer and scientist. He is best known for his work on the supplementary forces that are detected in a rotating frame of reference, le ...
(1792–1843) * George Green^ (1793–1841) *
Michel Chasles Michel Floréal Chasles (; 15 November 1793 – 18 December 1880) was a French mathematician. Biography He was born at Épernon in France and studied at the École Polytechnique in Paris under Siméon Denis Poisson. In the War of the Sixth Coal ...
(1793–1880) *
Gabrio Piola Gabrio Piola (15 July 1794 – 9 November 1850) was an Italian mathematician and physicist, Danilo Capecchi and Giuseppe C. Ruta"Piola's contribution to continuum mechanics" ''Archive for History of Exact Sciences'', Vol. 61, No. 4 (July 2007), pp ...
(1794–1850) *
Gabriel Lamé Gabriel Lamé (22 July 1795 – 1 May 1870) was a French mathematician who contributed to the theory of partial differential equations by the use of curvilinear coordinates, and the mathematical theory of elasticity (for which linear elasticity ...
(1795–1870) * Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1796–1832) *
Nikolai Brashman Nikolai Dmitrievich Brashman (russian: Николáй Дми́триевич Брáшман; german: Nikolaus Braschmann; June 14, 1796 – ) was a Russian mathematician of Jewish-Austrian origin. He was a student of Joseph Johann Littrow, an ...
(1796–1866) * Andreas von Ettingshausen (1796–1878) *
Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille (; 22 April 1797 – 26 December 1869) was a French physicist and physiologist. Poiseuille was born in Paris, France, and he died there on 26 December 1869. Fluid flow From 1815 to 1816 he studied at the École Po ...
(1797–1869) *
Franz Ernst Neumann Franz Ernst Neumann (11 September 1798 – 23 May 1895) was a German mineralogist, physicist and mathematician. Biography Neumann was born in Joachimsthal, Margraviate of Brandenburg, near Berlin. In 1815 he interrupted his studies at Berlin to ...
(1798–1895) *
Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron (; 26 January 1799 – 28 January 1864) was a French engineer and physicist, one of the founders of thermodynamics. Life Born in Paris, Clapeyron studied at the École polytechnique, graduating in 1818. Milton Kerker ...
(1799–1864)


19th century

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Mikhail Ostrogradsky Mikhail Vasilyevich Ostrogradsky (transcribed also ''Ostrogradskiy'', Ostrogradskiĭ) (russian: Михаи́л Васи́льевич Острогра́дский, ua, Миха́йло Васи́льович Острогра́дський; 24 Sep ...
(1801–1862) *
Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi (; ; 10 December 1804 – 18 February 1851) was a German mathematician who made fundamental contributions to elliptic functions, dynamics, differential equations, determinants, and number theory. His name is occasiona ...
(1804–1851) *
Viktor Bunyakovsky Viktor Yakovlevich Bunyakovsky (russian: Ви́ктор Я́ковлевич Буняко́вский, uk, Ві́ктор Я́кович Буняко́вський; , Bar, Podolia Governorate, Russian Empire – , St. Petersburg, Russian Empire) ...
(1804–1889) * William Hamilton^º (1805–1865) * Samuel Earnshaw (1805–1888) * Julius Weisbach (1806–1871) *
Joseph Liouville Joseph Liouville (; ; 24 March 1809 – 8 September 1882) was a French mathematician and engineer. Life and work He was born in Saint-Omer in France on 24 March 1809. His parents were Claude-Joseph Liouville (an army officer) and Thérèse ...
(1809–1882) *
Auguste Bravais Auguste Bravais (; 23 August 1811, Annonay, Ardèche – 30 March 1863, Le Chesnay, France) was a French physicist known for his work in crystallography, the conception of Bravais lattices, and the formulation of Bravais law. Bravais also studied ...
(1811–1863) *
Osip Ivanovich Somov Osip Ivanovich Somov (russian: Ио́сиф (О́сип) Ива́нович Со́мов; 13 June 1815, Moscow Governorate – 8 May 1876, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian mathematician A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowle ...
(1815–1876) *
Charles-Eugène Delaunay Charles-Eugène Delaunay (9 April 1816 – 5 August 1872) was a French astronomer and mathematician. His lunar motion studies were important in advancing both the theory of planetary motion and mathematics. Life Born in Lusigny-sur-Barse, F ...
(1816–1872) *
Jonathan Homer Lane Jonathan Homer Lane (August 9, 1819 – May 3, 1880) was an American astrophysicist and inventor. Biography Lane's parents were Mark and Henrietta (née Tenny) Lane and his education was at the Phillips Exeter Academy in Exeter, New Hampsh ...
(1819–1880) *
William John Macquorn Rankine William John Macquorn Rankine (; 5 July 1820 – 24 December 1872) was a Scottish mechanical engineer who also contributed to civil engineering, physics and mathematics. He was a founding contributor, with Rudolf Clausius and William Thomson ( ...
(1820–1872) *
Pafnuty Chebyshev Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev ( rus, Пафну́тий Льво́вич Чебышёв, p=pɐfˈnutʲɪj ˈlʲvovʲɪtɕ tɕɪbɨˈʂof) ( – ) was a Russian mathematician and considered to be the founding father of Russian mathematics. Chebyshe ...
(1821–1894) *
Hermann von Helmholtz Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (31 August 1821 – 8 September 1894) was a German physicist and physician who made significant contributions in several scientific fields, particularly hydrodynamic stability. The Helmholtz Association, ...
‡† (1821–1894) *
Johann Josef Loschmidt Johann Josef Loschmidt (15 March 1821 – 8 July 1895), who referred to himself mostly as Josef Loschmidt (omitting his first name), was a notable Austrian scientist who performed ground-breaking work in chemistry, physics (thermodynamics, optics, ...
(1821–1895) *
August Krönig August Karl Krönig (; 20 September 1822 – 5 June 1879) was a German chemist and physicist who published an account of the kinetic theory of gases in 1856, probably after reading a paper by John James Waterston. Biography Krönig was born i ...
(1822–1879) *
Rudolf Clausius Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius (; 2 January 1822 – 24 August 1888) was a German physicist and mathematician and is considered one of the central founding fathers of the science of thermodynamics. By his restatement of Sadi Carnot's principle ...
(1822–1888) *
August Davidov August Yulevich Davidov (russian: Август Юльевич Давидов) (December 15, 1823 – December 22, 1885) was a Russian mathematician and engineer, professor at Moscow University, and author of works on differential equations with p ...
(1823–1885) *
Gustav Kirchhoff Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (; 12 March 1824 – 17 October 1887) was a German physicist who contributed to the fundamental understanding of electrical circuits, spectroscopy, and the emission of black-body radiation by heated objects. He coine ...
(1824–1887) *
Bernhard Riemann Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (; 17 September 1826 – 20 July 1866) was a German mathematician who made contributions to analysis, number theory, and differential geometry. In the field of real analysis, he is mostly known for the first rig ...
(1826–1866) *
Ludvig Lorenz Ludvig Valentin Lorenz (; 18 January 1829 – 9 June 1891) was a Danish physicist and mathematician. He developed mathematical formulae to describe phenomena such as the relation between the refraction of light and the density of a pure transpar ...
(1829–1891) *
James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish mathematician and scientist responsible for the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, which was the first theory to describe electricity, magnetism and ligh ...
(1831–1879) *
Johann Bauschinger Johann Bauschinger (11 June 1834, in Nuremberg – 25 November 1893, in Munich) was a mathematician, builder, and professor of Engineering Mechanics Applied mechanics is the branch of science concerned with the motion of any substance that can b ...
(1834–1893) *
Josef Stefan Josef Stefan ( sl, Jožef Štefan; 24 March 1835 – 7 January 1893) was an ethnic Carinthian Slovene physicist, mathematician, and poet of the Austrian Empire. Life and work Stefan was born in an outskirt village of St. Peter (Slovene: ; to ...
(1835–1893) *
Eugen von Lommel Eugen Cornelius Joseph von Lommel (19 March 1837, Edenkoben – 19 June 1899, Munich) was a German physicist. He is notable for the Lommel polynomial, the Lommel function, the Lommel–Weber function, and the Lommel differential equation. He ...
(1837–1899) *
Carlo Alberto Castigliano Carlo Alberto Castigliano (9 November 1847, in Asti – 25 October 1884, in Milan) was an Italian mathematician and physicist known for Castigliano's method for determining displacements in a linear-elastic system based on the partial deriva ...
(1847–1884) *
Sofia Kovalevskaya Sofya Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya (russian: link=no, Софья Васильевна Ковалевская), born Korvin-Krukovskaya ( – 10 February 1891), was a Russian mathematician who made noteworthy contributions to analysis, partial differen ...
(1850–1891) *
Pierre Henri Hugoniot Pierre-Henri Hugoniot (born in Allenjoie, Doubs, France on June 5, 1851 – died in Nantes, France in February 1887) who mostly lived in Montbéliard, (Franche-Comté). He was an inventor, mathematician, and physicist who worked on fluid mechanic ...
(1851–1887) *
Heinrich Hertz Heinrich Rudolf Hertz ( ; ; 22 February 1857 – 1 January 1894) was a German physicist who first conclusively proved the existence of the electromagnetic waves predicted by James Clerk Maxwell's Maxwell's equations, equations of electrom ...
* (1857–1894)


19th–20th centuries

*
Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet Sir George Gabriel Stokes, 1st Baronet, (; 13 August 1819 – 1 February 1903) was an Irish English physicist and mathematician. Born in County Sligo, Ireland, Stokes spent all of his career at the University of Cambridge, where he was the Luc ...
(1819–1903) *
William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, (26 June 182417 December 1907) was a British mathematician, mathematical physicist and engineer born in Belfast. Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Glasgow for 53 years, he did important ...
* (1824–1907) *
Rodolphe Radau Jean Charles Rodolphe Radau (22 January 1835 – 21 December 1911) was an astronomer and mathematician who worked in Paris at the ''Revue des deux Mondes'' for most of his life. He was the co-founder of the Bulletin Astronomique. Radau was bor ...
(1835–1911) *
Christian Otto Mohr Christian Otto Mohr (8 October 1835 – 2 October 1918) was a German civil engineer. He is renowned for his contributions to the field of structural engineering, such as Mohr's circle, and for his study of stress. Biography He was born on 8 Oct ...
(1835–1918) *
Johannes Diderik van der Waals Johannes Diderik van der Waals (; 23 November 1837 – 8 March 1923) was a Dutch theoretical physicist and thermodynamicist famous for his pioneering work on the equation of state for gases and liquids. Van der Waals started his career as a sch ...
(1837–1923) * George William Hill (1838–1914) *
Ernst Mach Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach ( , ; 18 February 1838 – 19 February 1916) was a Moravian-born Austrian physicist and philosopher, who contributed to the physics of shock waves. The ratio of one's speed to that of sound is named the Mach ...
(1838–1916) * Viktor von Lang (1838–1921) *
J. Willard Gibbs Josiah Willard Gibbs (; February 11, 1839 – April 28, 1903) was an American scientist who made significant theoretical contributions to physics, chemistry, and mathematics. His work on the applications of thermodynamics was instrumental in t ...
†^ (1839–1903) *
Ernst Abbe Ernst Karl Abbe HonFRMS (23 January 1840 – 14 January 1905) was a German physicist, optical scientist, entrepreneur, and social reformer. Together with Otto Schott and Carl Zeiss, he developed numerous optical instruments. He was also a co-ow ...
(1840–1905) *
Osborne Reynolds Osborne Reynolds (23 August 1842 – 21 February 1912) was an Irish-born innovator in the understanding of fluid dynamics. Separately, his studies of heat transfer between solids and fluids brought improvements in boiler and condenser design. ...
(1842–1912) * (1842–1914) *
John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, (; 12 November 1842 – 30 June 1919) was an English mathematician and physicist who made extensive contributions to science. He spent all of his academic career at the University of Cambridge. Amo ...
(1842–1919) *
Joseph Valentin Boussinesq Joseph Valentin Boussinesq (; 13 March 1842 – 19 February 1929) was a French mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to the theory of hydrodynamics, vibration, light, and heat. Biography From 1872 to 1886, he was appoi ...
(1842–1929) *
Ludwig Boltzmann Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (; 20 February 1844 – 5 September 1906) was an Austrian physicist and philosopher. His greatest achievements were the development of statistical mechanics, and the statistical explanation of the second law of thermodyn ...
(1844–1906) *
Nikolay Umov Nikolay Alekseevich Umov (russian: Никола́й Алексе́евич У́мов; January 23, 1846 – January 15, 1915) was a Russian physicist and mathematician known for discovering the concept of Umov-Poynting vector and Umov effect. Bi ...
(1846–1915) *
Nikolay Zhukovsky Nikolay Zhukovsky may refer to: * Nikolay Zhukovsky (revolutionary) (1833–1895), Russian revolutionary *Nikolay Zhukovsky (scientist) Nikolay Yegorovich Zhukovsky ( rus, Никола́й Его́рович Жуко́вский, p=ʐʊˈkofsk ...
(1847–1921) *
Diederik Korteweg Diederik Johannes Korteweg (31 March 1848 – 10 May 1941) was a Dutch mathematician. He is now best remembered for his work on the Korteweg–de Vries equation, together with Gustav de Vries. Early life and education Diederik Korteweg's father ...
(1848–1941) *
Horace Lamb Sir Horace Lamb (27 November 1849 – 4 December 1934)R. B. Potts,, ''Australian Dictionary of Biography'', Volume 5, MUP, 1974, pp 54–55. Retrieved 5 Sep 2009 was a British applied mathematician and author of several influential texts on ...
(1849–1934) *
Woldemar Voigt Woldemar Voigt (; 2 September 1850 – 13 December 1919) was a German physicist, who taught at the Georg August University of Göttingen. Voigt eventually went on to head the Mathematical Physics Department at Göttingen and was succeeded in 1 ...
(1850–1919) *
Oliver Heaviside Oliver Heaviside FRS (; 18 May 1850 – 3 February 1925) was an English self-taught mathematician and physicist who invented a new technique for solving differential equations (equivalent to the Laplace transform), independently developed vec ...
(1850–1925) *
Jacobus Kapteyn Prof Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn FRS FRSE LLD (19 January 1851 – 18 June 1922) was a Dutch astronomer. He carried out extensive studies of the Milky Way and was the discoverer of evidence for galactic rotation. Kapteyn was also among the fi ...
(1851–1922) *
Arthur Schuster Sir Franz Arthur Friedrich Schuster (12 September 1851 – 14 October 1934) was a German-born British physicist known for his work in spectroscopy, electrochemistry, optics, X-radiography and the application of harmonic analysis to physics. ...
(1851–1934) * Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff (1852–1911) *
John Henry Poynting John Henry Poynting FRS (9 September 185230 March 1914) was an English physicist. He was the first professor of physics at Mason Science College from 1880 to 1900, and then the successor institution, the University of Birmingham until his deat ...
(1852–1914) *
Orest Khvolson Orest Danilovich Khvolson or Chwolson (russian: Орест Данилович Хвольсон) (November 22 ( N.S. December 4), 1852 – May 11, 1934) was a Russian physicist and honorary member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1920). He ...
(1852–1934) *
Hendrik Lorentz Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (; 18 July 1853 – 4 February 1928) was a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect. He also derived the Lorentz t ...
(1853–1928) *
Henri Poincaré Jules Henri Poincaré ( S: stress final syllable ; 29 April 1854 – 17 July 1912) was a French mathematician, theoretical physicist, engineer, and philosopher of science. He is often described as a polymath, and in mathematics as "The ...
(1854–1912) * Alfred Barnard Basset (1854–1930) *
Emil Cohn Emil Georg Cohn (28 September 1854 – 28 January 1944), was a German physicist. Life Cohn was born in Neustrelitz, Mecklenburg on 28 September 1854. He was the son of August Cohn, a lawyer, and Charlotte Cohn. At the age of 17, Cohn began t ...
(1854–1944) *
Marcel Brillouin Louis Marcel Brillouin (; 19 December 1854 – 16 June 1948) was a French physicist and mathematician. Born in Saint-Martin-lès-Melle, Deux-Sèvres, France, his father was a painter who moved to Paris when Marcel was a boy. There he attende ...
(1854–1948) *
Max Margules Max Margules (1856-1920) was a mathematician, physicist, and chemist. In 1877 he joined the Central Institute of Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG) in Vienna as a volunteer.Carl Runge Carl David Tolmé Runge (; 30 August 1856 – 3 January 1927) was a German mathematician, physicist, and spectroscopist. He was co-developer and co-eponym of the Runge–Kutta method (German pronunciation: ), in the field of what is today known a ...
(1856–1927) * (1856–1937) *
Aleksandr Lyapunov Aleksandr Mikhailovich Lyapunov (russian: Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Ляпуно́в, ; – 3 November 1918) was a Russian mathematician, mechanician and physicist. His surname is variously romanized as Ljapunov, Liapunov, Lia ...
(1857–1918) *
Samuel Oppenheim Samuel Oppenheim (19 November 1857 in Braunsberg – 15 August 1928 in Vienna) was an Austrian astronomer. In 1875 Oppenheim began to study mathematics, physics and astronomy in Vienna. He took his Staatsexamen in 1880. From 1881–1887 he worke ...
(1857–1928) *
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky (russian: Константи́н Эдуа́рдович Циолко́вский , , p=kənstɐnʲˈtʲin ɪdʊˈardəvʲɪtɕ tsɨɐlˈkofskʲɪj , a=Ru-Konstantin Tsiolkovsky.oga; – 19 September 1935) ...
(1857–1935) *
Joseph Larmor Sir Joseph Larmor (11 July 1857 – 19 May 1942) was an Irish and British physicist and mathematician who made breakthroughs in the understanding of electricity, dynamics, thermodynamics, and the electron theory of matter. His most influent ...
(1857–1942) *
Maurice Couette Maurice Marie Alfred Couette (9 January 1858, Tours – 18 August 1943, Angers) was a French physicist known for his studies of fluidity. Couette is best known for his contributions to rheology and the theory of fluid flow. He designed a concent ...
(1858–1943) *
Max Planck Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (, ; 23 April 1858 – 4 October 1947) was a German theoretical physicist whose discovery of energy quanta won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918. Planck made many substantial contributions to theoretical p ...
(1858–1947) *
Svante Arrhenius Svante August Arrhenius ( , ; 19 February 1859 – 2 October 1927) was a Swedes, Swedish scientist. Originally a physicist, but often referred to as a chemist, Arrhenius was one of the founders of the science of physical chemistry. He received ...
(1859–1927) * Karl Heun (1859–1929) *
Vito Volterra Vito Volterra (, ; 3 May 1860 – 11 October 1940) was an Italian mathematician and physicist, known for his contributions to mathematical biology and integral equations, being one of the founders of functional analysis. Biography Born in Anc ...
(1860–1940) *
Pierre Duhem Pierre Maurice Marie Duhem (; 9 June 1861 – 14 September 1916) was a French theoretical physicist who worked on thermodynamics, hydrodynamics, and the theory of elasticity. Duhem was also a historian of science, noted for his work on the Eu ...
(1861–1916) *
Emil Wiechert Emil Johann Wiechert (26 December 1861 – 19 March 1928) was a German physicist and geophysicist who made many contributions to both fields, including presenting the first verifiable model of a layered structure of the Earth and being among the ...
(1861–1928) *
Robert Emden Jacob Robert Emden (4 March 1862 – 8 October 1940) was a Swiss astrophysicist and meteorologist. He is best known for his book, ''Gaskugeln: Anwendungen der mechanischen Wärmetheorie auf kosmologische und meteorologische probleme'' (Gas sphe ...
(1862–1940) *
Paul Drude Paul Karl Ludwig Drude (; 12 July 1863 – 5 July 1906) was a German physicist specializing in optics. He wrote a fundamental textbook integrating optics with Maxwell's theories of electromagnetism. Education Born into an ethnic German family, D ...
(1863–1906) *
Arthur Gordon Webster Arthur Gordon Webster (November 28, 1863 – May 15, 1923) was an American physicist who founded the American Physical Society. Biography Webster was born on November 28, 1863, at Brookline, Massachusetts, to William Edward Webster and Mary Sha ...
(1863–1923) *
Augustus Edward Hough Love Augustus Edward Hough Love FRS (17 April 1863, Weston-super-Mare – 5 June 1940, Oxford), often known as A. E. H. Love, was a mathematician famous for his work on the mathematical theory of elasticity. He also worked on wave propagation and h ...
(1863–1940) *
Hermann Minkowski Hermann Minkowski (; ; 22 June 1864 – 12 January 1909) was a German mathematician and professor at Königsberg, Zürich and Göttingen. He created and developed the geometry of numbers and used geometrical methods to solve problems in number t ...
(1864–1909) * Vladimir Steklov (1864–1926) *
Wilhelm Wien Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto Fritz Franz Wien (; 13 January 1864 – 30 August 1928) was a German physicist who, in 1893, used theories about heat and electromagnetism to deduce Wien's displacement law, which calculates the emission of a blackbody ...
(1864–1928) * Walther Nernst (1864–1941) *
Pierre Weiss Pierre-Ernest Weiss (25 March 1865, Mulhouse – 24 October 1940, Lyon) was a French physicist who specialized in magnetism. He developed the domain theory of ferromagnetism in 1907. Weiss domains and the Weiss magneton are named after him ...
(1865–1940) *
Pieter Zeeman Pieter Zeeman (; 25 May 1865 – 9 October 1943) was a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Hendrik Lorentz for his discovery of the Zeeman effect. Childhood and youth Pieter Zeeman was born in Zonnemaire, a small town ...
(1865–1943) *
Jacques Hadamard Jacques Salomon Hadamard (; 8 December 1865 – 17 October 1963) was a French mathematician who made major contributions in number theory, complex analysis, differential geometry and partial differential equations. Biography The son of a teac ...
(1865–1963) *
Gustav de Vries Gustav de Vries (22 January 1866 – 16 December 1934) was a Dutch mathematician, who is best remembered for his work on the Korteweg–de Vries equation with Diederik Korteweg. He was born on 22 January 1866 in Amsterdam, and studied at th ...
(1866–1934) *
Martin Kutta Martin Wilhelm Kutta (; 3 November 1867 – 25 December 1944) was a German mathematician. Kutta was born in Pitschen, Upper Silesia (today Byczyna, Poland). He attended the University of Breslau from 1885 to 1890, and continued his studies in Mu ...
(1867–1944) *
Arnold Sommerfeld Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld, (; 5 December 1868 – 26 April 1951) was a German theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in atomic and quantum physics, and also educated and mentored many students for the new era of theoretica ...
(1868–1951) *
Gustav Mie Gustav Adolf Feodor Wilhelm Ludwig Mie (; 29 September 1868 – 13 February 1957) was a German physicist. Life Mie was born in Rostock, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Germany in 1868. From 1886 he studied mathematics and physics at the University of ...
(1868–1957) *
Sergey Chaplygin Sergey Alexeyevich Chaplygin (russian: Серге́й Алексе́евич Чаплы́гин; 5 April 1869 – 8 October 1942) was a Russian and Soviet physicist, mathematician, and mechanical engineer. He is known for mathe ...
(1869–1942) * Nikolai Kasterin (1869–1947) *
Alfred-Marie Liénard Alfred-Marie Liénard (2 April 1869 in Amiens – 29 April 1958 in Paris), was a French physicist and engineer. He is most well known for his derivation of the Liénard–Wiechert potentials. From 1887 to 1889 Liénard was a student at the Éco ...
(1869–1958) *
Louis Bachelier Louis Jean-Baptiste Alphonse Bachelier (; 11 March 1870 – 28 April 1946) was a French mathematician at the turn of the 20th century. He is credited with being the first person to model the stochastic process now called Brownian motion, as part ...
(1870–1946) *
Ernest Rutherford Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937) was a New Zealand physicist who came to be known as the father of nuclear physics. ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' considers him to be the greatest ...
(1871–1937) * Émile Jouguet (1871–1943) *
Boris Galerkin Boris Grigoryevich Galerkin (russian: Бори́с Григо́рьевич Галёркин, surname more accurately romanized as Galyorkin; –12 July 1945) was a Soviet mathematician and an engineer. Biography Early days Galerkin was born on ...
(1871–1945) *
Martin Knudsen Martin Hans Christian Knudsen (February 15, 1871 in Hasmark on Funen – May 27, 1949 in Copenhagen) was a Danish physicist who taught and conducted research at the Technical University of Denmark. He is primarily known for his study of molec ...
(1871–1949) *
Émile Borel Félix Édouard Justin Émile Borel (; 7 January 1871 – 3 February 1956) was a French mathematician A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Math ...
(1871–1956) * Marian Smoluchowski (1872–1917) *
Paul Langevin Paul Langevin (; ; 23 January 1872 – 19 December 1946) was a French physicist who developed Langevin dynamics and the Langevin equation. He was one of the founders of the ''Comité de vigilance des intellectuels antifascistes'', an ant ...
(1872–1946) *
Ludwik Silberstein Ludwik Silberstein (1872 – 1948) was a Polish-American physicist who helped make special relativity and general relativity staples of university coursework. His textbook '' The Theory of Relativity'' was published by Macmillan in 1914 with a se ...
(1872–1948) *
Théophile de Donder Théophile Ernest de Donder (; 19 August 1872 – 11 May 1957) was a Belgian mathematician and physicist famous for his work (published in 1923) in developing correlations between the Newtonian concept of chemical affinity and the Gibbsian concep ...
(1872–1957) *
Karl Schwarzschild Karl Schwarzschild (; 9 October 1873 – 11 May 1916) was a German physicist and astronomer. Schwarzschild provided the first exact solution to the Einstein field equations of general relativity, for the limited case of a single spherical non-r ...
(1873–1916) *
Alfred Robb Alfred Arthur Robb FRS (18 January 1873 in Belfast – 14 December 1936 in Castlereagh) was a Northern Irish physicist. Biography Robb studied at Queen's College, Belfast (BA 1894) and at St John's College, Cambridge (Tripos 1897, MA 1901) ...
(1873–1936) *
Tullio Levi-Civita Tullio Levi-Civita, (, ; 29 March 1873 – 29 December 1941) was an Italian mathematician, most famous for his work on absolute differential calculus (tensor calculus) and its applications to the theory of relativity, but who also made significa ...
(1873–1941) *
Constantin Carathéodory Constantin Carathéodory ( el, Κωνσταντίνος Καραθεοδωρή, Konstantinos Karatheodori; 13 September 1873 – 2 February 1950) was a Greek mathematician who spent most of his professional career in Germany. He made significant ...
(1873–1950) *
E. T. Whittaker Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker (24 October 1873 – 24 March 1956) was a British mathematician, physicist, and historian of science. Whittaker was a leading mathematical scholar of the early 20th-century who contributed widely to applied mathema ...
(1873–1956) *
Friedrich Hasenöhrl Friedrich Hasenöhrl (; 30 November 1874 – 7 October 1915) was an Austrian physicist. Life Friedrich Hasenöhrl was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary in 1874. His father was a lawyer and his mother belonged to a prominent aristocratic family. A ...
(1874–1915) *
Vagn Walfrid Ekman Vagn Walfrid Ekman (3 May 1874 – 9 March 1954) was a Swedish oceanographer. Born in Stockholm to Fredrik Laurentz Ekman, himself an oceanographer, he became committed to oceanography while studying physics at the University of Uppsala and ...
(1874–1954) *
Hans Reissner Hans Jacob Reissner, also known as Jacob Johannes Reissner (18 January 1874, Berlin – 2 October 1967, Mt. Angel, Oregon), was a German aeronautical engineer whose avocation was mathematical physics. During World War I he was awarded the Iron C ...
(1874–1967) *
Max Abraham Max Abraham (; 26 March 1875 – 16 November 1922) was a German physicist known for his work on electromagnetism and his opposition to the theory of relativity. Biography Abraham was born in Danzig, Imperial Germany (now Gdańsk in Poland) t ...
(1875–1922) *
Louis Napoleon George Filon Louis Napoleon George Filon, FRS (22 November 1875 – 29 December 1937) was an English applied mathematician, famous for his research on classical mechanics and particularly the theory of elasticity and the mechanics of continuous media. He also ...
(1875–1937) * Gilbert N. Lewis (1875–1946) *
Ludwig Prandtl Ludwig Prandtl (4 February 1875 – 15 August 1953) was a German fluid dynamicist, physicist and aerospace scientist. He was a pioneer in the development of rigorous systematic mathematical analyses which he used for underlying the science of ...
(1875–1953) * Tatyana Ehrenfest-Afanasevaª (1876–1964) *
James Jeans Sir James Hopwood Jeans (11 September 187716 September 1946) was an English physicist, astronomer and mathematician. Early life Born in Ormskirk, Lancashire, the son of William Tulloch Jeans, a parliamentary correspondent and author. Jeans was ...
° (1877–1946) *
Eduard Grüneisen Eduard Grüneisen (26 May 1877 – 5 April 1949) was a German physicist and the co-eponym of Mie–Grüneisen equation of state. Grüneisen was born in Giebichenstein, near Halle (Saale). The Grüneisen parameter was named after him. Since ...
(1877–1949) *
Georg Hamel Georg Karl Wilhelm Hamel (12 September 1877 – 4 October 1954) was a German mathematician with interests in mechanics, the foundations of mathematics and function theory. Biography Hamel was born in Düren, Rhenish Prussia. He studied at Aa ...
(1877–1954) *
Walther Ritz Walther Heinrich Wilhelm Ritz (22 February 1878 – 7 July 1909) was a Swiss theoretical physicist. He is most famous for his work with Johannes Rydberg on the Rydberg–Ritz combination principle. Ritz is also known for the variational method n ...
(1878–1909) *
Marcel Grossmann Marcel Grossmann (April 9, 1878 – September 7, 1936) was a Swiss mathematician and a friend and classmate of Albert Einstein. Grossmann was a member of an old Swiss family from Zurich. His father managed a textile factory. He became a Profe ...
(1878–1936) *
Lise Meitner Elise Meitner ( , ; 7 November 1878 – 27 October 1968) was an Austrian-Swedish physicist who was one of those responsible for the discovery of the element protactinium and nuclear fission. While working at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute on rad ...
(1878–1968) *
Stephen Timoshenko Stepan Prokofyevich Timoshenko (russian: Степан Прокофьевич Тимошенко, p=sʲtʲɪˈpan prɐˈkofʲjɪvʲɪtɕ tʲɪmɐˈʂɛnkə; uk, Степан Прокопович Тимошенко, Stepan Prokopovych Tymoshenko; ...
(1878–1972) * Leonid Mandelstam (1879–1944) *
Carl Wilhelm Oseen Carl Wilhelm Oseen (17 April 1879 in Lund – 7 November 1944 in Uppsala) was a theoretical physicist in Uppsala and Director of the Nobel Institute for Theoretical Physics in Stockholm. Life Oseen was born in Lund, and took a Fil. Kand. degre ...
(1879–1944) *
Albert Einstein Albert Einstein ( ; ; 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most influential physicists of all time. Einstein is best known for developing the theory ...
º (1879–1955) *
Nikolay Krylov Nikolay Krylov may refer to: *Nikolay Krylov (marshal) (1903–1972), Soviet marshal *Nikolay Krylov (mathematician, born 1879) (1879–1955), Russian mathematician *Nikolay Krylov (mathematician, born 1941) (born 1941), Russian mathematician *Niko ...
(1879–1955) *
Max von Laue Max Theodor Felix von Laue (; 9 October 1879 – 24 April 1960) was a German physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1914 for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals. In addition to his scientific endeavors with cont ...
(1879–1960) *
Otto Sackur Otto Sackur (28 September 1880 in Breslau, Germany – 17 December 1914 in Berlin, Germany) was a German physical chemist. He is known for the development of the Sackur–Tetrode equation, which he developed independently of Hugo Tetrode. Hi ...
(1880–1914) *
Paul Ehrenfest Paul Ehrenfest (18 January 1880 – 25 September 1933) was an Austrian theoretical physicist, who made major contributions to the field of statistical mechanics and its relations with quantum mechanics, including the theory of phase transition a ...
(1880–1933) *
Leonard Ornstein Leonard Salomon Ornstein (November 12, 1880 in Nijmegen, the Netherlands – May 20, 1941 in Utrecht, the Netherlands) was a Dutch physicist. Biography Ornstein studied theoretical physics with Hendrik Antoon Lorentz at University of Lei ...
(1880–1941) * Nikolai Papaleksi (1880–1947) *
Alfred J. Lotka Alfred James Lotka (March 2, 1880 – December 5, 1949) was a US mathematician, physical chemist, and statistician, famous for his work in population dynamics and energetics. An American biophysicist, Lotka is best known for his propos ...
(1880–1949) * Abram Ioffe (1880–1960) *
Gunnar Nordström Gunnar Nordström (12 March 1881 – 24 December 1923) was a Finnish theoretical physicist best remembered for his theory of gravitation, which was an early competitor of general relativity. Nordström is often designated by modern writers as '' ...
(1881–1923) *
Jun Ishiwara Jun Ishiwara or Atsushi Ishihara (石原 純; January 15, 1881 – January 19, 1947) was a Japanese theoretical physicist, known for his works on the electronic theory of metals, the theory of relativity and quantum theory. Being the only Japanese ...
(1881–1947) *
Walter Rogowski Walter Rogowski (7 May 1881 – 10 March 1947) was a German physicist who bridged the gap between theoretical physics and applied technology in numerous areas of electronics. The Rogowski coil was named after him. Biography In 1900, Rogowski ...
(1881–1947) *
Richard Tolman Richard Chace Tolman (March 4, 1881 – September 5, 1948) was an American mathematical physicist and physical chemist who made many contributions to statistical mechanics. He also made important contributions to theoretical cosmology in ...
° (1881–1948) *
Gustav Herglotz Gustav Herglotz (2 February 1881 – 22 March 1953) was a German Bohemian physicist best known for his works on the theory of relativity and seismology. Biography Gustav Ferdinand Joseph Wenzel Herglotz was born in Volary num. 28 to a public not ...
(1881–1953) *
Irving Langmuir Irving Langmuir (; January 31, 1881 – August 16, 1957) was an American chemist, physicist, and engineer. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1932 for his work in surface chemistry. Langmuir's most famous publication is the 1919 art ...
(1881–1957) *
Theodore von Kármán Theodore von Kármán ( hu, ( szőllőskislaki) Kármán Tódor ; born Tivadar Mihály Kármán; 11 May 18816 May 1963) was a Hungarian-American mathematician, aerospace engineer, and physicist who was active primarily in the fields of aeronaut ...
(1881–1963) *
Erwin Madelung Erwin Madelung (18 May 1881 – 1 August 1972) was a German physicist. He was born in 1881 in Bonn. His father was the surgeon Otto Wilhelm Madelung. He earned a doctorate in 1905 from the University of Göttingen, specializing in crystal structu ...
(1881–1972) *
Emmy Noether Amalie Emmy NoetherEmmy is the ''Rufname'', the second of two official given names, intended for daily use. Cf. for example the résumé submitted by Noether to Erlangen University in 1907 (Erlangen University archive, ''Promotionsakt Emmy Noethe ...
^ª (1882–1935) *
Arthur Eddington Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington (28 December 1882 – 22 November 1944) was an English astronomer, physicist, and mathematician. He was also a philosopher of science and a populariser of science. The Eddington limit, the natural limit to the lumin ...
(1882–1944) *
Max Born Max Born (; 11 December 1882 – 5 January 1970) was a German physicist and mathematician who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to solid-state physics and optics and supervised the work of a n ...
(1882–1970) *
Richard von Mises Richard Edler von Mises (; 19 April 1883 – 14 July 1953) was an Austrian scientist and mathematician who worked on solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, aeronautics, statistics and probability theory. He held the position of Gordo ...
(1883–1953) *
Paul Sophus Epstein Paul Sophus Epstein (; Warsaw, Vistula Land, Russian Empire, March 20, 1883 – Pasadena, California, United States, February 8, 1966) was a Russian-American mathematical physics, mathematical physicist. He was known for his contributions t ...
(1883–1966) *
Ludwig Hopf Ludwig Hopf (23 October 1884 in Nürnberg, Germany – 23 December 1939 in Dublin]) was a German-Jewish theoretical physicist who made contributions to mathematics, special relativity, hydrodynamics, and aerodynamics. Early in his career he ...
(1884–1939) * Arthur Erich Haas (1884–1941) *
George David Birkhoff George David Birkhoff (March 21, 1884 – November 12, 1944) was an American mathematician best known for what is now called the ergodic theorem. Birkhoff was one of the most important leaders in American mathematics in his generation, and durin ...
(1884–1944) *
David Enskog 250px David Enskog (22 April 1884, Västra Ämtervik, Sunne – 1 June 1947, Stockholm) was a Swedish mathematical physicist. Enskog helped develop the kinetic theory of gases by extending the Maxwell–Boltzmann equations. Biography Af ...
(1884–1947) *
Peter Debye Peter Joseph William Debye (; ; March 24, 1884 – November 2, 1966) was a Dutch-American physicist and physical chemist, and Nobel laureate in Chemistry. Biography Early life Born Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Debije in Maastricht, Netherlands, D ...
(1884–1966) *
Philipp Frank Philipp Frank (March 20, 1884 – July 21, 1966) was a physicist, mathematician and philosopher of the early-to-mid 20th century. He was a logical positivist, and a member of the Vienna Circle. He was influenced by Mach and was one of the Machis ...
(1884–1966) *
Vsevolod Frederiks Vsevolod Konstantinovich Frederiks (or Fréedericksz; russian: Всеволод Константинович Фредерикс ; April 29, 1885, Warsaw – January 6, 1944, Gorkiy) was a Russian/Soviet physicist. His primary contribution was in th ...
(1885–1944) *
Naum Idelson Naum Ilyich Idelson (''Наум Ильич Идельсон'' in Russian language, Russian) (March 1(13), 1885, Saint Petersburg - July 14, 1951, Saint Petersburg, Leningrad) was a Soviet Union, Soviet Theoretical astrophysics, theoretical astronom ...
(1885–1951) *
Theodor Kaluza Theodor Franz Eduard Kaluza (; 9 November 1885 – 19 January 1954) was a German mathematician and physicist known for the Kaluza–Klein theory, involving field equations in five-dimensional space-time. His idea that fundamental forces can be ...
(1885–1954) *
Hermann Weyl Hermann Klaus Hugo Weyl, (; 9 November 1885 – 8 December 1955) was a German mathematician, theoretical physicist and philosopher. Although much of his working life was spent in Zürich, Switzerland, and then Princeton, New Jersey, he is assoc ...
(1885–1955) *
Niels Bohr Niels Henrik David Bohr (; 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962) was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. B ...
(1885–1962) *
Victor Robertovich Bursian Victor Robertovich Bursian (25 December 1886 – 15 December 1945) was a USSR, Soviet scientist who worked on theoretical physics, geophysics, electricity and thermodynamics, crystal physics, and the theory of electrical resistivity tomography. E ...
(1886–1945) * Rudolf Seeliger (1886–1965) * Paul Lévy (1886–1971) * Geoffrey Taylor (1886–1975) *
Walter H. Schottky Walter Hans Schottky (23 July 1886 – 4 March 1976) was a German physicist who played a major early role in developing the theory of electron and ion emission phenomena, invented the screen-grid vacuum tube in 1915 while working at Siemens ...
(1886–1976) * Richard Becker (1887–1955) *
Erwin Schrödinger Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger (, ; ; 12 August 1887 – 4 January 1961), sometimes written as or , was a Nobel Prize-winning Austrian physicist with Irish citizenship who developed a number of fundamental results in quantum theory ...
(1887–1961) *
Charles Galton Darwin Sir Charles Galton Darwin (19 December 1887 – 31 December 1962) was an English physicist who served as director of the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) during the Second World War. He was a son of the mathematician George Howard Darwin an ...
(1887–1962) *
Adriaan Fokker Adriaan Daniël Fokker (; 17 August 1887 – 24 September 1972) was a Dutch physicist. He worked in the fields of special relativity and statistical mechanics. He was the inventor of the Fokker organ, a 31-tone equal-tempered (31-TET) organ. ...
(1887–1972) *
Erich Kretschmann Erich Justus Kretschmann (14 July 1887 – 1973) was a German physicist. (Gebhardt gives a list of Kretschmann's publications.) Life Kretschmann was born in Berlin. He obtained his PhD at Berlin University in 1914 with his dissertation entitled ...
(1887–1973) * Hendrika Johanna van Leeuwen (1887–1974) *
Waloddi Weibull Ernst Hjalmar Waloddi Weibull (18 June 1887 – 12 October 1979) was a Swedish civil engineer, materials scientist, and applied mathematician. The Weibull distribution is named after him. Education and career Weibull joined the Swedish Coast ...
(1887–1979) *
Alexander Weinstein Alexander Weinstein (21 January 1897 – 6 November 1979) was a mathematician who worked on boundary value problems in fluid dynamics. Early Life, family and personal life Weinstein was born to Judel Jejb Weinstein and Praskovya Levkovich, hi ...
(1887–1979) *
Ralph Walter Graystone Wyckoff Ralph Walter Graystone Wyckoff, Sr. (August 9, 1897 in Geneva, New York – November 3, 1994 in Tucson, Arizona) was an American scientist and pioneer of X-ray crystallography. He was elected member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1949 and ...
(1887–1994) *
Alexander Friedmann Alexander Alexandrovich Friedmann (also spelled Friedman or Fridman ; russian: Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Фри́дман) (June 16 .S. 4 1888 – September 16, 1925) was a Russian and Soviet physicist and mathematician ...
(1888–1925) *
Walther Kossel Walther Ludwig Julius Kossel (4 January 1888 – 22 May 1956) was a German physicist known for his theory of the chemical bond (ionic bond/octet rule), Sommerfeld–Kossel displacement law of atomic spectra, the Kossel-Stranski model for crysta ...
(1888–1956) * Viktor Trkal (1888–1956) *
Wilhelm Lenz Wilhelm Lenz (February 8, 1888 in Frankfurt am Main – April 30, 1957 in Hamburg) was a German physicist, most notable for his invention of the Ising model and for his application of the Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector to the old quantum mechanical ...
(1888–1957) * Antonio Signorini (1888–1963) *
Frits Zernike Frits Zernike (; 16 July 1888 – 10 March 1966) was a Dutch physicist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1953 for his invention of the phase-contrast microscope. Early life and education Frits Zernike was born on 16 July 1888 in Am ...
(1888–1966) * Sydney Chapman (1888–1970) *
Joseph Proudman Joseph Proudman (30 December 1888 – 26 June 1975), CBE, FRS was a distinguished British mathematician and oceanographer of international repute. His theoretical studies into the oceanic tides not only "solved practically all the remaining ...
(1888–1975) *
Alfred Landé Alfred Landé (13 December 1888 – 30 October 1976) was a German-American physicist known for his contributions to quantum theory. He is responsible for the Landé g-factor and an explanation of the Zeeman effect. Life and achievements Alf ...
(1888–1976) *
Hans Thirring Hans Thirring (March 23, 1888 – March 22, 1976) was an Austrian theoretical physicist, professor, and father of the physicist Walter Thirring. He won the Haitinger Prize of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 1920. Together with the mathemat ...
(1888–1976) *
Paul Peter Ewald Paul Peter Ewald, FRS (January 23, 1888 in Berlin, Germany – August 22, 1985 in Ithaca, New York) was a German crystallographer and physicist, a pioneer of X-ray diffraction methods. Education Ewald received his early education in the clas ...
(1888–1985) * Ralph H. Fowler (1889–1944) *
Léon Brillouin Léon Nicolas Brillouin (; August 7, 1889 – October 4, 1969) was a French physicist. He made contributions to quantum mechanics, radio wave propagation in the atmosphere, solid state physics, and information theory. Early life Brillouin ...
(1889–1969) *
Wojciech Rubinowicz Wojciech Sylwester Piotr Rubinowicz (February 22, 1889 – October 13, 1974) was a Polish theoretical physicist who made contributions in quantum mechanics, mathematical physics, and the theory of radiation. He is known for the Maggie-Rubinowicz ...
(1889–1974) *
Harry Nyquist Harry Nyquist (, ; February 7, 1889 – April 4, 1976) was a Swedish-American physicist and electronic engineer who made important contributions to communication theory. Personal life Nyquist was born in the village Nilsby of the parish Stora Ki ...
(1889–1976) *
Edwin C. Kemble Edwin Crawford Kemble (January 28, 1889 in Delaware, Ohio – March 12, 1984) was an American physicist who made contributions to the theory of quantum mechanics and molecular structure and spectroscopy. During World War II, he was a consul ...
(1889–1984) *
Yoshio Nishina was a Japanese physicist who was called "the founding father of modern physics research in Japan". He led the efforts of Japan to develop an atomic bomb during World War II. Early life and career Nishina was born in Satoshō, Okayama. He rece ...
(1890–1951) * Yurii Aleksandrovich Krutkov (1890–1952) *
Josef Lense Josef Lense (28 October 1890 in Vienna – 28 December 1985 in Munich) was an Austrian physicist. In 1914 Lense obtained his doctorate under Samuel Oppenheim. From 1927-28 he was Professor ordinarius and from 1928–1946 Professor extraord ...
(1890–1985) * Arthur March (1891–1957) *
George Barker Jeffery George Barker Jeffery FRS (9 May 1891 – 27 April 1957) was a leading mathematical physicist in the early twentieth century. He is probably best known to the scientifically literate public as the translator of papers by Albert Einstein, Hendri ...
(1891–1957) *
Michael Polanyi Michael Polanyi (; hu, Polányi Mihály; 11 March 1891 – 22 February 1976) was a Hungarian-British polymath, who made important theoretical contributions to physical chemistry, economics, and philosophy. He argued that positivism supplies ...
(1891–1976) *
Nikoloz Muskhelishvili Nikoloz (Niko) Muskhelishvili ( ka, ნიკოლოზ (ნიკო) მუსხელიშვილი ; – 15 July 1976) was a renowned Soviet Georgian mathematician, physicist and engineer who was one of the founders and first President ...
(1891–1976) *
Harold Jeffreys Sir Harold Jeffreys, FRS (22 April 1891 – 18 March 1989) was a British mathematician, statistician, geophysicist, and astronomer. His book, ''Theory of Probability'', which was first published in 1939, played an important role in the revival ...
(1891–1989) *
Arthur Holly Compton Arthur Holly Compton (September 10, 1892 – March 15, 1962) was an American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927 for his 1923 discovery of the Compton effect, which demonstrated the particle nature of electromagnetic radi ...
(1892–1962) *
Karl Herzfeld Karl Ferdinand Herzfeld (February 24, 1892 – June 3, 1978) was an Austrian- American physicist. Education Herzfeld was born in Vienna during the reign of the Habsburgs over the Austro-Hungarian Empire. "He came from a prominent, recentl ...
(1892–1978) *
Louis de Broglie Louis Victor Pierre Raymond, 7th Duc de Broglie (, also , or ; 15 August 1892 – 19 March 1987) was a French physicist and aristocrat who made groundbreaking contributions to quantum theory. In his 1924 PhD thesis, he postulated the wave na ...
(1892–1987) * Walter Gordon (1893–1939) *
Meghnad Saha Meghnad Saha (6 October 1893 – 16 February 1956) was an Indian astrophysicist who developed the Saha ionization equation, used to describe chemical and physical conditions in stars. His work allowed astronomers to accurately relate the spe ...
(1893–1956) *
Erwin Fues Erwin Richard Fues (17 January 1893 in Stuttgart, Germany – 17 January 1970, Germany), was a German theoretical physicist who made contributions to atomic physics and molecular physics, quantum wave mechanics, and solid-state physics. Educat ...
(1893–1970) *
Cornelius Lanczos __NOTOC__ Cornelius (Cornel) Lanczos ( hu, Lánczos Kornél, ; born as Kornél Lőwy, until 1906: ''Löwy (Lőwy) Kornél''; February 2, 1893 – June 25, 1974) was a Hungarian-American and later Hungarian-Irish mathematician and physicist. Accor ...
(1893–1974) * Francis Murnaghan (1893–1976) *
Adolf Kratzer Adolf (also spelt Adolph or Adolphe, Adolfo and when Latinised Adolphus) is a given name used in German-speaking countries, Scandinavia, the Netherlands and Flanders, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Latin America and to a lesser extent in var ...
(1893–1983) *
Yakov Frenkel __NOTOC__ Yakov Il'ich Frenkel (russian: Яков Ильич Френкель; 10 February 1894 – 23 January 1952) was a Soviet physicist renowned for his works in the field of condensed matter physics. He is also known as Jacov Frenkel, frequ ...
(1894–1952) *
Hans Kramers Hendrik Anthony "Hans" Kramers (17 December 1894 – 24 April 1952) was a Dutch physicist who worked with Niels Bohr to understand how electromagnetic waves interact with matter and made important contributions to quantum mechanics and statistical ...
(1894–1952) *
John Lennard-Jones Sir John Edward Lennard-Jones (27 October 1894 – 1 November 1954) was a British mathematician and professor of theoretical physics at the University of Bristol, and then of theoretical science at the University of Cambridge. He was an imp ...
(1894–1954) *
Aleksandr Khinchin Aleksandr Yakovlevich Khinchin (russian: Алекса́ндр Я́ковлевич Хи́нчин, french: Alexandre Khintchine; July 19, 1894 – November 18, 1959) was a Soviet mathematician and one of the most significant contributors to th ...
(1894–1959) *
Norbert Wiener Norbert Wiener (November 26, 1894 – March 18, 1964) was an American mathematician and philosopher. He was a professor of mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). A child prodigy, Wiener later became an early researcher i ...
(1894–1964) *
Georges Lemaître Georges Henri Joseph Édouard Lemaître ( ; ; 17 July 1894 – 20 June 1966) was a Belgian Catholic priest, theoretical physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and professor of physics at the Catholic University of Louvain. He was the first to th ...
(1894–1966) *
Satyendra Nath Bose Satyendra Nath Bose (; 1 January 1894 – 4 February 1974) was a Bengali mathematician and physicist specializing in theoretical physics. He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s, in developing the foundation for ...
(1894–1974) * Oskar Klein (1894–1977) *
Hugo Tetrode Hugo Martin Tetrode (7 March 1895, in Amsterdam – 18 January 1931, in Amstelveen) was a Dutch theoretical physicist who contributed to statistical physics, early quantum theory and quantum mechanics. In 1912, Tetrode developed the Sackur–Tetro ...
(1895–1931) *
Karel Niessen Karel Frederik Niessen (1895 in Velsen – 1967) was a Dutch theoretical physicist who made contributions to quantum mechanics and is known for the Pauli–Niessen model. Education Niessen began his studies in physics at the University of Utrech ...
(1895–1967) *
Igor Tamm Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm ( rus, И́горь Евге́ньевич Тамм , p=ˈiɡərʲ jɪvˈɡʲenʲjɪvitɕ ˈtam , a=Ru-Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm.ogg; 8 July 1895 – 12 April 1971) was a Soviet physicist who received the 1958 Nobel Prize in ...
(1895–1971) * Hans Falkenhagen (1895–1971) *
Vasily Vladimirovich Shuleikin Vasily Vladimirovich Shuleikin (russian: Василий Владимирович Шуле́йкин, 1 January 1895 – 25 April 1979) was a Soviet scientist, mathematician and engineer. He made significant contributions to understanding of nonlin ...
(1895–1979) *
Jan Burgers Johannes (Jan) Martinus Burgers (January 13, 1895 – June 7, 1981) was a Dutch physicist and the brother of the physicist Wilhelm G. Burgers. Burgers studied in Leiden under Paul Ehrenfest, where he obtained his Doctor of Philosophy, PhD in 1 ...
(1895–1981) * Aldo Pontremoli (1896–1928) *
William Reginald Dean William Reginald Dean (1896–1973) was a British applied mathematician and fluid dynamicist. His research interests included Stokes flow, solid mechanics, and flow in curved channels. The Dean number bears his name. Dean carried out pioneering w ...
(1896–1973) *
Boris Podolsky Boris Yakovlevich Podolsky (russian: link=no, Бори́с Я́ковлевич Подо́льский; June 29, 1896 – November 28, 1966) was a Russian-American physicist of Jewish descent, noted for his work with Albert Einstein and Nathan ...
(1896–1966) *
Erich Hückel Erich Armand Arthur Joseph Hückel (August 9, 1896, Berlin – February 16, 1980, Marburg) was a German physicist and physical chemist. He is known for two major contributions: *The Debye–Hückel theory of electrolytic solutions *The Hückel m ...
(1896–1980) *
Robert S. Mulliken Robert Sanderson Mulliken Note Longuet-Higgins' amusing title for reference B238 1965 on page 354 of this Biographical Memoir. The title should be "Selected papers of Robert S Mulliken." (June 7, 1896 – October 31, 1986) was an American ph ...
(1896–1986) *
Nikolay Semyonov Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov (or Semënov), (russian: Никола́й Никола́евич Семёнов; – 25 September 1986) (often referred to in English as Semenoff, Semenov, Semionov, or Semyonova) was a Soviet physicist and chem ...
(1896–1986) *
Friedrich Hund Friedrich Hermann Hund (4 February 1896 – 31 March 1997) was a German physicist from Karlsruhe known for his work on atoms and molecules. Scientific career Hund worked at the Universities of Rostock, Leipzig, Jena, Frankfurt am Main, and Göt ...
(1896–1997) *
Myron Mathisson Myron Mathisson (4 December 1897 – 13 September 1940) was a theoretical physicist of Polish and Jewish descent. He is known for his work in general relativity, for developing a new method to analyze the properties of fundamental solutions of ...
(1897–1940) *
Douglas Hartree Douglas Rayner Hartree (27 March 1897 – 12 February 1958) was an English mathematician and physicist most famous for the development of numerical analysis and its application to the Hartree–Fock equations of atomic physics and the c ...
(1897–1958) *
Lewi Tonks Lewi Tonks (1897–1971) was an American quantum physicist noted for his discovery (with Marvin D. Girardeau) of the Tonks–Girardeau gas. Tonks was employed by General Electric for most of his working life, researching microwaves and ferromagne ...
(1897–1971) *
Ivan Stranski Ivan Nikolov Stranski ( bg, Иван Николов Странски; german: Iwan Nikolow Stranski; 2 January 1897 – 19 June 1979) was a Bulgarian physical chemist who is considered the father of crystal growth research. He was the founder o ...
(1897–1979) *
John Lighton Synge John Lighton Synge (; 23 March 1897 – 30 March 1995) was an Irish mathematician and physicist, whose seven-decade career included significant periods in Ireland, Canada, and the USA. He was a prolific author and influential mentor, and is cre ...
(1897–1995) * Ali Moustafa Mosharafa (1898–1950) *
Ronald Wilfred Gurney Ronald Wilfred (or Wilfrid) Gurney (1898, in Cheltenham, England – 14 April 1953, in New York, New York) was a British theoretical physicist and research pupil of William Lawrence Bragg at the Victoria University of Manchester during the 1920s ...
(1898–1953) *
Leó Szilárd Leo Szilard (; hu, Szilárd Leó, pronounced ; born Leó Spitz; February 11, 1898 – May 30, 1964) was a Hungarian-German-American physicist and inventor. He conceived the nuclear chain reaction in 1933, patented the idea of a nuclear ...
(1898–1964) *
Leopold Infeld Leopold Infeld (20 August 1898 – 15 January 1968) was a Polish physicist who worked mainly in Poland and Canada (1938–1950). He was a Rockefeller fellow at Cambridge University (1933–1934) and a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Ea ...
(1898–1968) * (1898–1974) *
Vladimir Fock Vladimir Aleksandrovich Fock (or Fok; russian: Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович Фок) (December 22, 1898 – December 27, 1974) was a Soviet Union, Soviet physicist, who did foundational work on quantum mechanics and quantum ...
(1898–1974) *
Gregor Wentzel Gregor Wentzel (17 February 1898 – 12 August 1978) was a German physicist known for development of quantum mechanics. Wentzel, Hendrik Kramers, and Léon Brillouin developed the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation in 1926. In his early y ...
(1898–1978) *
Isidor Isaac Rabi Isidor Isaac Rabi (; born Israel Isaac Rabi, July 29, 1898 – January 11, 1988) was an American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1944 for his discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance, which is used in magnetic resonance ima ...
(1898–1988) *
Ivar Waller Ivar Waller (11 June 1898 – 12 April 1991) was a Swedish professor of theoretical physics at Uppsala University. He developed the theory of X-ray scattering by lattice vibrations of a crystal, building upon the prior work of Peter Debye. The De ...
(1898–1991) * (1899–1967) *
Edmund Clifton Stoner Edmund Clifton Stoner FRS (2 October 1899 – 27 December 1968) was a British theoretical physicist. He is principally known for his work on the origin and nature of itinerant ferromagnetism (the type of ferromagnetic behaviour associated with ...
(1899–1968) *
John Hasbrouck Van Vleck John Hasbrouck Van Vleck (March 13, 1899 – October 27, 1980) was an American physicist and mathematician. He was co-awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1977, for his contributions to the understanding of the behavior of electronic magnetism in ...
(1899–1980) * Gregory Breit (1899–1981) * (1899–1982) * Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim (1899–1985) *
Gleb Wataghin Gleb Vassielievich Wataghin (November 3, 1899 in Birzula, Russian Empire – October 10, 1986 in Turin, Italy) was a Russian-Italian theoretical and experimental physicist and a great scientific leader who gave a great impulse to the teaching and r ...
(1899–1986) * Pelageya Polubarinova-Kochina (1899–1999) *
Wilhelm Cauer Wilhelm Cauer (24 June 1900 – 22 April 1945) was a German mathematician and scientist. He is most noted for his work on the analysis and synthesis of electrical filters and his work marked the beginning of the field of network synthesis. Prio ...
(1900–1945) *
Fritz London Fritz Wolfgang London (March 7, 1900 – March 30, 1954) was a German physicist and professor at Duke University. His fundamental contributions to the theories of chemical bonding and of intermolecular forces (London dispersion forces) are today c ...
(1900–1954) *
Wolfgang Pauli Wolfgang Ernst Pauli (; ; 25 April 1900 – 15 December 1958) was an Austrian theoretical physicist and one of the pioneers of quantum physics. In 1945, after having been nominated by Albert Einstein, Pauli received the Nobel Prize in Physics fo ...
(1900–1958) *
Walter Tollmien Walter Tollmien (13 October 1900, in Berlin – 25 November 1968, in Göttingen) was a German fluid dynamicist. Life Walter Tollmien studied from the winter semester 1920–1921 mathematics and physics with Ludwig Prandtl in Göttingen and then ...
(1900–1968) * William V. Houston (1900–1968) *
John C. Slater John Clarke Slater (December 22, 1900 – July 25, 1976) was a noted American physicist who made major contributions to the theory of the electronic structure of atoms, molecules and solids. He also made major contributions to microwave electroni ...
(1900–1976) *
Mikhail Lavrentyev Mikhail Alekseevich Lavrentyev (or Lavrentiev, russian: Михаи́л Алексе́евич Лавре́нтьев) (November 19, 1900 – October 15, 1980) was a Soviet Union, Soviet mathematician and hydrodynamics, hydrodynamicist. Early years ...
(1900–1980) *
Vladimir Rojansky Vladimir Borisovich Rojansky (April 9, 1900 – March 6, 1981) was an American physicist, author and educator. He was born in Bologoye, Tver Oblast, Bologoye, Russian Empire. His father was a railroad construction engineer and one of his grandfat ...
(1900–1981) *
George Eugene Uhlenbeck George Eugene Uhlenbeck (December 6, 1900 – October 31, 1988) was a Dutch-American theoretical physicist. Background and education George Uhlenbeck was the son of Eugenius and Anne Beeger Uhlenbeck. He attended the Hogere Burgerschool (High S ...
(1900–1988) * (1900–1991) *
Ernst Ising Ernst Ising (; May 10, 1900 in Cologne, Germany – May 11, 1998 in Peoria, Illinois, USA) was a German physicist, who is best remembered for the development of the Ising model. He was a professor of physics at Bradley University until his r ...
(1900–1998)


20th century

* Nikolai Kochin (1901–1944) *
Aleksandr Andronov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Andronov (russian: Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Андро́нов; , Moscow – October 31, 1952, Gorky) was a Soviet physicist and member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1946). He worked exten ...
(1901–1952) *
Enrico Fermi Enrico Fermi (; 29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) was an Italian (later naturalized American) physicist and the creator of the world's first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1. He has been called the "architect of the nuclear age" and ...
* (1901–1954) *
Werner Heisenberg Werner Karl Heisenberg () (5 December 1901 – 1 February 1976) was a German theoretical physicist and one of the main pioneers of the theory of quantum mechanics. He published his work in 1925 in a breakthrough paper. In the subsequent series ...
(1901–1976) * Werner Braunbeck (1901–1977) *
Carl Wagner Carl Wilhelm Wagner (May 25, 1901 – December 10, 1977) was a German Physical chemist. He is best known for his pioneering work on Solid-state chemistry, where his work on oxidation rate theory, counter diffusion of ions and defect chemistry ...
(1901–1977) * Anatoliy Lure (1901–1980) *
Karl Bechert Karl Richard Bechert (August 23, 1901 in Nuremberg, Middle Franconia – April 1, 1981 in Weilmünster-Möttau, Hesse) was a German theoretical physicist and political leader. As a scientist, he made contributions in atomic physics. Scientif ...
(1901–1981) * Henry Eyring (1901–1981) *
Grete Hermann Grete Hermann (2 March 1901 – 15 April 1984) was a Germans, German mathematician and philosopher noted for her work in mathematics, physics, philosophy and education. She is noted for her early philosophical work on the foundations of quantum m ...
(1901–1984) *
Yuri Rumer Yuri Borisovich Rumer (russian: Юрий Борисович Румер, 28 April 1901 – 1 February 1985) was a Soviet theoretical physicist, who mostly worked in the fields of quantum mechanics and quantum optics. Known in the West as Georg Rume ...
(1901–1985) *
Edwin Albrecht Uehling Edwin Albrecht Uehling (January 27, 1901 Lowell, Wisconsin – May 18, 1985) was an American theoretical physicist known for the formulation of the Uehling potential to describe vacuum polarization in quantum electrodynamics. He also worked in ...
(1901–1985) *
Linus Pauling Linus Carl Pauling (; February 28, 1901August 19, 1994) was an American chemist, biochemist, chemical engineer, peace activist, author, and educator. He published more than 1,200 papers and books, of which about 850 dealt with scientific top ...
(1901–1994) *
William Allis William Phelps Allis (November 15, 1901 – March 5, 1999) was an American theoretical physicist specializing in electrical discharges in gases. He was the grandson of Edward P. Allis,Morse, 1967 p. 100 founder of the E.P. Allis Company, whic ...
(1901–1999) * (1902–1938) * Michael Sadowsky (1902–1967) *
Otto Laporte Otto is a masculine German given name and a surname. It originates as an Old High German short form (variants ''Audo'', ''Odo'', ''Udo'') of Germanic names beginning in ''aud-'', an element meaning "wealth, prosperity". The name is recorded fro ...
(1902–1971) *
Carl Eckart Carl Henry Eckart (May 4, 1902 – October 23, 1973) was an American physicist, physical oceanographer, geophysicist, and administrator. He co-developed the Wigner–Eckart theorem and is also known for the Eckart conditions in quantum mechanics ...
(1902–1973) *
Edward Condon Edward Uhler Condon (March 2, 1902 – March 26, 1974) was an American nuclear physicist, a pioneer in quantum mechanics, and a participant during World War II in the development of radar and, very briefly, of nuclear weapons as part of the ...
(1902–1974) *
Samuel Abraham Goudsmit Samuel Abraham Goudsmit (July 11, 1902 – December 4, 1978) was a Dutch-American physicist famous for jointly proposing the concept of electron spin with George Eugene Uhlenbeck in 1925. Life and career Goudsmit was born in The Hague, Nethe ...
(1902–1978) *
Pascual Jordan Ernst Pascual Jordan (; 18 October 1902 – 31 July 1980) was a German theoretical and mathematical physicist who made significant contributions to quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. He contributed much to the mathematical form of matri ...
(1902–1980) *
Paul Dirac Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac (; 8 August 1902 – 20 October 1984) was an English theoretical physicist who is regarded as one of the most significant physicists of the 20th century. He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the Univer ...
(1902–1984) * Alfred Kastler (1902–1984) *
Eugene Wigner Eugene Paul "E. P." Wigner ( hu, Wigner Jenő Pál, ; November 17, 1902 – January 1, 1995) was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist who also contributed to mathematical physics. He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963 "for his con ...
(1902–1995) * Katharine Way (1902–1995) * Hans Hellmann (1903–1938) *
John von Neumann John von Neumann (; hu, Neumann János Lajos, ; December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian-American mathematician, physicist, computer scientist, engineer and polymath. He was regarded as having perhaps the widest cove ...
(1903–1957) * Howard P. Robertson (1903–1961) *
Lars Onsager Lars Onsager (November 27, 1903 – October 5, 1976) was a Norwegian-born American physical chemist and theoretical physicist. He held the Gibbs Professorship of Theoretical Chemistry at Yale University. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in C ...
(1903–1976) * (1903–1979) *
Helmut Hönl Helmut Hönl (February 10, 1903 in Mannheim, Germany – March 29, 1981 in Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German theoretical physicist who made contributions to quantum mechanics and the understanding of atomic and molecular structure. Biogra ...
(1903–1981) *
Mikhail Leontovich Mikhail Alexandrovich Leontovich (russian: Михаи́л Алекса́ндрович Леонто́вич, 22 February 1903, St. Petersburg – 30 March 1981, Moscow) was a Soviet physicist, member of USSR Academy of Sciences, specializing in pl ...
(1903–1981) *
Philip M. Morse Philip McCord Morse (August 6, 19035 September 1985), was an American physicist, administrator and pioneer of operations research (OR) in World War II. He is considered to be the father of operations research in the U.S. Biography Morse graduat ...
(1903–1985) *
Andrey Kolmogorov Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov ( rus, Андре́й Никола́евич Колмого́ров, p=ɐnˈdrʲej nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ kəlmɐˈɡorəf, a=Ru-Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov.ogg, 25 April 1903 – 20 October 1987) was a Sovi ...
(1903–1987) *
Guido Beck Guido Beck (29 August 1903 in Liberec – 21 October 1988 in Rio de Janeiro) was an Argentinian physicist of German Bohemian origin. Biography Beck studied physics in Vienna and received his doctorate in 1925, under Hans Thirring. He worked in ...
(1903–1988) *
Sydney Goldstein Sydney Goldstein FRS (3 December 1903, Kingston upon Hull – 22 January 1989, Cambridge, MA) was a British mathematician noted for his contribution to fluid dynamics. He is described as: "... one of those who most influenced progress in fluid d ...
(1903–1989) *
Llewellyn Thomas Llewellyn Hilleth Thomas (21 October 1903 – 20 April 1992) was a British physicist and applied mathematician. He is best known for his contributions to atomic and molecular physics and solid-state physics. His key achievements include calculat ...
(1903–1992) *
Bartel Leendert van der Waerden Bartel Leendert van der Waerden (; 2 February 1903 – 12 January 1996) was a Dutch mathematician and historian of mathematics. Biography Education and early career Van der Waerden learned advanced mathematics at the University of Amster ...
(1903–1996) *
Bertha Swirles Bertha Swirles, Lady Jeffreys (22 May 1903 – 18 December 1999) was an English physicist, academic and scientific author who carried out research on quantum theory in its early days. She was associated with Girton College, University of Cam ...
(1903–1999) *
Meredith Gwynne Evans Meredith Gwynne Evans, FRS (2 December 1904 – 25 December 1952) was a British physical chemist, who made important theoretical contributions in the study of chemical reaction rates and reaction mechanisms. Together with Henry Eyring and Mich ...
(1904–1952) *
Robert Oppenheimer J. Robert Oppenheimer (; April 22, 1904 – February 18, 1967) was an American theoretical physicist. A professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley, Oppenheimer was the wartime head of the Los Alamos Laboratory and is often ...
* (1904–1967) *
George Gamow George Gamow (March 4, 1904 – August 19, 1968), born Georgiy Antonovich Gamov ( uk, Георгій Антонович Гамов, russian: Георгий Антонович Гамов), was a Russian-born Soviet and American polymath, theoreti ...
‡° (1904–1968) * (1904–1970) *
Léon Rosenfeld Léon Rosenfeld (; 14 August 1904 in Charleroi – 23 March 1974) was a Belgium, Belgian physicist and Marxist. Rosenfeld was born into a Jewish secularism, secular Jews, Jewish family. He was a polyglot who knew eight or nine languages and ...
(1904–1974) *
Otto Robert Frisch Otto Robert Frisch FRS (1 October 1904 – 22 September 1979) was an Austrian-born British physicist who worked on nuclear physics. With Lise Meitner he advanced the first theoretical explanation of nuclear fission (coining the term) and firs ...
(1904–1979) *
Christian Møller Christian Møller (22 December 1904 in Hundslev, Als (island), Als14 January 1980 in Ordrup) was a Danish people, Danish chemist and physicist who made fundamental contributions to the theory of relativity, theory of gravitation and quantum chemi ...
(1904–1980) *
Walter Heitler Walter Heinrich Heitler (; 2 January 1904 – 15 November 1981) was a German physicist who made contributions to quantum electrodynamics and quantum field theory. He brought chemistry under quantum mechanics through his theory of valence bond ...
(1904–1981) *
Joseph Edward Mayer Joseph Edward Mayer (February 5, 1904, New York City – October 15, 1983) was a chemist who formulated the Mayer expansion in statistical field theory. He was professor of chemistry at the University of California San Diego from 1960 to 1972, and ...
(1904–1983) * (1904–1990) * Walter M. Elsasser (1904–1991) * Dmitri Ivanenko (1904–1994) *
Ralph Kronig Ralph Kronig (10 March 1904 – 16 November 1995) was a German physicist. He is noted for the discovery of particle spin and for his theory of X-ray absorption spectroscopy. His theories include the Kronig–Penney model, the Coster–Kronig tran ...
(1904–1995) *
Yulii Khariton Yulii Borisovich Khariton (Russian: Юлий Борисович Харитон, 27 February 1904 – 19 December 1996), also known as YuB, , was a Russian physicist who was a leading scientist in the former Soviet Union's program of nuclear wea ...
(1904–1996) *
Louis Néel Louis Eugène Félix Néel (22 November 1904 – 17 November 2000) was a French physicist born in Lyon who received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1970 for his studies of the magnetic properties of solids. Biography Néel studied at the Lycé ...
(1904–2000) *
George Placzek George Placzek (; September 26, 1905 – October 9, 1955) was a Moravian physicist. Biography Placzek was born into a wealthy Jewish family in Brünn, Moravia (now Brno, Czech Republic), the grandson of Chief Rabbi Baruch Placzek.PDF He studied ...
(1905–1955) *
Felix Bloch Felix Bloch (23 October 1905 – 10 September 1983) was a Swiss-American physicist and Nobel physics laureate who worked mainly in the U.S. He and Edward Mills Purcell were awarded the 1952 Nobel Prize for Physics for "their development of ne ...
(1905–1983) *
Ernst Stueckelberg Ernst Carl Gerlach Stueckelberg (baptised as Johann Melchior Ernst Karl Gerlach Stückelberg, full name after 1911: Baron Ernst Carl Gerlach Stueckelberg von Breidenbach zu Breidenstein und Melsbach; 1 February 1905 – 4 September 1984) was a S ...
(1905–1984) *
Herbert Fröhlich Herbert Fröhlich (9 December 1905 – 23 January 1991) FRS was a German-born British physicist. Career In 1927, Fröhlich entered Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich to study physics, and received his doctorate under Arnold Sommerfeld ...
(1905–1991) *
Clarence Zener Clarence Melvin Zener (December 1, 1905 – July 2, 1993) was the American physicist who first (1934) described the property concerning the breakdown of electrical insulators. These findings were later exploited by Bell Labs in the development of ...
(1905–1993) *
Nevill Francis Mott Sir Nevill Francis Mott (30 September 1905 – 8 August 1996) was a British physicist who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1977 for his work on the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems, especially amorphous semiconductors. ...
(1905–1996) * (1905–1996) * Matvei Bronstein (1906–1938) *
Ettore Majorana Ettore Majorana (,, uploaded 19 April 2013, retrieved 14 December 2019 ; born on 5 August 1906 – possibly dying after 1959) was an Italian theoretical physicist who worked on neutrino masses. On 25 March 1938, he disappeared under mysteri ...
(1906–1938) *
Maria Goeppert-Mayer Maria Goeppert Mayer (; June 28, 1906 – February 20, 1972) was a German-born American theoretical physicist, and Nobel laureate in Physics for proposing the nuclear shell model of the atomic nucleus. She was the second woman to win a Nobel Pri ...
ª (1906–1972) *
Eugene Feenberg Eugene Feenberg (October 6, 1906 in Fort Smith, Arkansas – November 7, 1977) was an American physicist who made contributions to quantum mechanics and nuclear physics. Education In 1929, Feenberg graduated from the University of Texas at Au ...
(1906–1977) * Sin-Itiro Tomonaga (1906–1979) * William Houlder Zachariasen (1906–1979) *
Fritz Sauter Fritz Eduard Josef Maria Sauter (; 9 June 1906 – 24 May 1983) was an Austrian-German physicist who worked mostly in quantum electrodynamics and solid-state physics. Education From 1924 to 1928, Sauter studied mathematics and physics at the ...
(1906–1983) *
Louis Rosenhead Louis Rosenhead CBE (1 January 1906 – 10 November 1984) was a British mathematician noted for his work on fluid mechanics, and was head of the Department of Applied Mathematics at Liverpool University from 1933 to 1973. Life Rosenhead was born ...
(1906–1984) *
Banesh Hoffmann Banesh Hoffmann (6 September 1906 – 5 August 1986) was a British mathematician and physicist known for his association with Albert Einstein. Life Banesh Hoffmann was born in Richmond, Surrey, on 6 September 1906. He studied mathematics and ...
(1906–1986) *
Alan Herries Wilson Sir Alan Herries Wilson (2 July 1906 – 30 September 1995), was a British mathematician and industrialist. He was educated at Wallasey Grammar School and at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, obtaining a BA degree in mathematics in 1926. His graduate ...
(1906–1995) *
John Gamble Kirkwood John "Jack" Gamble Kirkwood (May 30, 1907, Gotebo, Oklahoma – August 9, 1959, New Haven, Connecticut) was a noted chemist and physicist, holding faculty positions at Cornell University, the University of Chicago, California Institute of Technol ...
(1907–1959) *
J. Hans D. Jensen Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen (; 25 June 1907 – 11 February 1973) was a German nuclear physicist. During World War II, he worked on the German nuclear energy project, known as the Uranium Club, where he contributed to the separation of uranium is ...
(1907–1973) * (1907–1979) *
Hermann Arthur Jahn Hermann Arthur Jahn (born 31 May 1907, Colchester, England; d. 24 October 1979 Southampton) was a British scientist of German descent. With Edward Teller, he identified the Jahn–Teller effect. Early life He was the son of Friedrich Wilhelm Herm ...
(1907–1979) *
Hideki Yukawa was a Japanese theoretical physicist and the first Japanese Nobel laureate for his prediction of the pi meson, or pion. Biography He was born as Hideki Ogawa in Tokyo and grew up in Kyoto with two older brothers, two older sisters, and two yo ...
(1907–1981) * Herbert Jehle (1907–1983) *
Wendell H. Furry Wendell Hinkle Furry (February 18, 1907 – December 17, 1984) was a professor of physics at Harvard University who made contributions to theoretical and particle physics. The Furry theorem is named after him. Early life Furry was born in Pra ...
(1907–1984) *
Rudolf Peierls Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls, (; ; 5 June 1907 – 19 September 1995) was a German-born British physicist who played a major role in Tube Alloys, Britain's nuclear weapon programme, as well as the subsequent Manhattan Project, the combined Allied ...
(1907–1995) *
Achilles Papapetrou Achille Papapetrou ( el, Αχιλλέας Νικολάου Παπαπέτρου; February 2, 1907 – August 12, 1997) was a Greek theoretical physicist, who contributed to the general theory of relativity. He is known for the Mathisson–Papapet ...
(1907–1997) *
George Rankine Irwin George Rankin Irwin (February 26, 1907 – October 9, 1998) was an American scientist in the field of fracture mechanics and strength of materials. He was internationally known for his study of fracture of materials. Early life and education ...
(1907–1998) * William Rarita (1907–1999) *
Leonid I. Sedov Leonid Ivanovich Sedov (russian: Леонид Иванович Седов; 14 November 1907 – 5 September 1999) was a leading Soviet expert on hydro- and aerodynamics and applied mechanics. In 1930 Sedov graduated from the Moscow State Universit ...
(1907–1999) *
Wu Ta-You Wu Ta-You () (27 September 1907 – 4 March 2000) was a Chinese physicist and writer who worked in the United States, Canada, mainland China and Taiwan. He has been called the Father of Chinese Physics. Early life and education Wu was born i ...
(1907–2000) * (1908–1938) *
Felix Gantmacher Felix Ruvimovich Gantmacher (russian: Феликс Рувимович Гантмахер) (23 February 1908 – 16 May 1964) was a Soviet mathematician, professor at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, well known for his contributions in m ...
(1908–1964) *
Lev Landau Lev Davidovich Landau (russian: Лев Дави́дович Ланда́у; 22 January 1908 – 1 April 1968) was a Soviet- Azerbaijani physicist of Jewish descent who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics. His a ...
(1908–1968) *
Anatoly Vlasov Anatoly Aleksandrovich Vlasov (russian: Анато́лий Алекса́ндрович Вла́сов; – 22 December 1975) was a Russian, later Soviet, theoretical physicist prominent in the fields of statistical mechanics, kinetics, and esp ...
(1908–1975) *
Lyubomir Krastanov Lyubomir Krastanov was a Bulgarian physical scientist specializing in meteorology, atmospheric physics and fundamental physics. One of the modes for growth of thin films, Stranski–Krastanov growth, is named after him and Ivan Stranski. On th ...
(1908–1977) *
Harrie Massey Sir Harrie Stewart Wilson Massey (16 May 1908 – 27 November 1983) was an Australian mathematical physicist who worked primarily in the fields of atomic and atmospheric physics. A graduate of the University of Melbourne and Cambridge Unive ...
(1908–1983) *
Șerban Țițeica Șerban Țițeica ( – May 28, 1985) was a Romanian quantum physicist. He is regarded as the founder of the Romanian school of theoretical physics. The third and last child of mathematician Gheorghe Țițeica, he was born in Bucharest, where he ...
(1908–1985) *
Valentine Bargmann Valentine "Valya" Bargmann (April 6, 1908 – July 20, 1989) was a German-American mathematician and theoretical physicist. Biography Born in Berlin, Germany, to a German Jewish family, Bargmann studied there from 1925 to 1933. After the National ...
(1908–1989) *
Ilya Frank Ilya Mikhailovich Frank (russian: Илья́ Миха́йлович Франк; 23 October 1908 – 22 June 1990) was a Soviet winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1958 jointly with Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov and Igor Y. Tamm, also of the ...
(1908–1990) *
John Bardeen John Bardeen (; May 23, 1908 – January 30, 1991) was an American physicist and engineer. He is the only person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for the invention of the tran ...
(1908–1991) * Milton S. Plesset (1908–1991) *
Moisey Markov Moisey Alexandrovich Markov (russian: Моисей Александрович Марков; 13 May 1908 Rasskazovo, Tambov Governorate, Russian Empire - 1 November 1994, Moscow, Russia) was a Soviet physicist-theorist who mostly worked in the area o ...
(1908–1994) *
Josef Meixner Josef Meixner (24 April 1908 – 19 March 1994) was a German theoretical physicist, known for his work on the physics of deformable bodies, thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, Meixner polynomials, Meixner–Pollaczek polynomials, and spher ...
(1908–1994) *
Hannes Alfvén Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén (; 30 May 1908 – 2 April 1995) was a Swedish electrical engineer, plasma physicist and winner of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). He described the class of MHD waves now ...
(1908–1995) *
Viktor Ambartsumian Viktor Amazaspovich Ambartsumian (russian: Виктор Амазаспович Амбарцумян; hy, Վիկտոր Համազասպի Համբարձումյան, ''Viktor Hamazaspi Hambardzumyan''; 12 August 1996) was a Soviet Armenian ast ...
(1908–1996) * (1908–1996) *
Sergei Mikhailovich Rytov Sergei Mikhailovich Rytov () (3 July 1908 – 22 October 1996) was a Soviet physicist and member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Rytov contributed to the fields of statistical radiophysics, and Near-field radiative heat transfer, fluctuat ...
(1908–1996) *
Sergey Khristianovich Sergey Alekseyevich Khristianovich (russian: link=no, Сергей Алексеевич Христианович, 9 November 1908 – 28 April 2000) was a mechanics scientist from the Soviet Union. Academician of AS USSR since 1943 (corresponding ...
(1908–2000) * Hans Euler (1909–1941) *
Homi J. Bhabha Homi Jehangir Bhabha, (30 October 1909 – 24 January 1966) was an Indian nuclear physicist, founding director, and professor of physics at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR). Colloquially known as "Father of Indian nuclear pro ...
(1909–1966) *
Stanislaw Ulam Stanisław Marcin Ulam (; 13 April 1909 – 13 May 1984) was a Polish-American scientist in the fields of mathematics and nuclear physics. He participated in the Manhattan Project, originated the Teller–Ulam design of thermonuclear weapon ...
(1909–1984) *
Friedrich Bopp Friedrich Arnold "Fritz" Bopp (27 December 1909 – 14 November 1987) was a German theoretical physicist who contributed to nuclear physics and quantum field theory. He worked at the '' Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut für Physik'' and with the ''Uranver ...
(1909–1987) *
William Penney, Baron Penney William George Penney, Baron Penney, (24 June 19093 March 1991) was an English mathematician and professor of mathematical physics at the Imperial College London and later the rector of Imperial College London. He had a leading role in the de ...
(1909–1991) *
Nikolay Bogolyubov Nikolay Nikolayevich Bogolyubov (russian: Никола́й Никола́евич Боголю́бов; 21 August 1909 – 13 February 1992), also transliterated as Bogoliubov and Bogolubov, was a Soviet and Russian mathematician and theoretic ...
(1909–1992) *
Gian Carlo Wick Gian Carlo Wick (15 October 1909 – 20 April 1992) was an Italian theoretical physicist who made important contributions to quantum field theory. The Wick rotation, Wick contraction, Wick's theorem, and the Wick product are named after him.
(1909–1992) *
Nathan Rosen Nathan Rosen (Hebrew: נתן רוזן; March 22, 1909 – December 18, 1995) was an American-Israeli physicist noted for his study on the structure of the hydrogen atom and his work with Albert Einstein and Boris Podolsky on entangled wave functio ...
(1909–1995) *
Richard Duffin Richard James Duffin (1909 – October 29, 1996) was an American physicist, known for his contributions to electrical transmission theory and to the development of geometric programming and other areas within operations research. Education and ...
(1909–1996) * (1909–1997) *
Robert Serber Robert Serber (March 14, 1909 – June 1, 1997) was an American physicist who participated in the Manhattan Project. Serber's lectures explaining the basic principles and goals of the project were printed and supplied to all incoming scientific st ...
(1909–1997) *
Hendrik Casimir Hendrik Brugt Gerhard Casimir (15 July 1909 – 4 May 2000) was a Dutch physicist best known for his research on the two-fluid model of superconductors (together with C. J. Gorter) in 1934 and the Casimir effect (together with D. Polder) in 19 ...
(1909–2000) *
David A. Frank-Kamenetskii David Albertovich Frank-Kamenetskii (russian: Давид Альбертович Франк-Каменецкий, August 3, 1910 – June 2, 1970) was a Soviet theoretical physicist and chemist, professor and doctor of physical, chemical and mathe ...
(1910–1970) *
Aleksei Zinovyevich Petrov Aleksei Zinovyevich Petrov (russian: Алексе́й Зино́вьевич Петро́в; 28 October (15 October, Old Style) 1910, Koshki, Samara Governorate, Russian Empire – 9 May 1972, Kiev, Soviet Union) was a mathematician noted for h ...
(1910–1972) *
Charles Coulson Charles Alfred Coulson (13 December 1910 – 7 January 1974) was a British applied mathematician and theoretical chemist. Coulson's major scientific work was as a pioneer of the application of the quantum theory of valency to problems of m ...
(1910–1974) *
Tjalling Koopmans Tjalling Charles Koopmans (August 28, 1910 – February 26, 1985) was a Dutch-American mathematician and economist. He was the joint winner with Leonid Kantorovich of the 1975 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his work on the theory ...
(1910–1985) *
Arseny Sokolov Arseny Alexandrovich Sokolov (russian: Арсе́ний Алекса́ндрович Соколо́в; 19 March 1910 – 19 October 1986) was a Russian theoretical physicist known for the development of synchrotron radiation theory. Biography Ars ...
(1910–1986) *
Anatoly Dorodnitsyn Anatoly Alekseyevich Dorodnitsyn (Russian: Анатолий Алексеевич Дородницын) 19 November (per Julian Calendar), 2 December (per Gregorian Calendar), 1910 – 7 June 1994, Moscow) was a Russian mathematician who worked a ...
(1910–1994) * Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1910–1995) * (1910–1998) *
José Enrique Moyal José Enrique Moyal ( he, יוסף הנרי מויאל‎; 1 October 1910 – 22 May 1998) was an Australian mathematician and mathematical physicist who contributed to aeronautical engineering, electrical engineering and statistics, among ot ...
(1910–1998) *
Sergei Vonsovsky Sergei Vasilyevich Vonsovsky (also spelled as Vonsovskii or Vonsovskiy, Russian: Сергей Васильевич Вонсовский; September 2, 1910 – August 11, 1998) was a Soviet physicist. Hero of Socialist Labour (1969). Biography Serg ...
(1910–1998) *
Arnold Nordsieck Arnold Theodore Nordsieck (January 5, 1911 – January 18, 1971) was an American theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work with Felix Bloch on the infrared problem in quantum electrodynamics. He developed the inertial electrostatic gy ...
(1911–1971) * ª (1911–1977) *
Mstislav Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh (russian: Мстисла́в Все́володович Ке́лдыш; – 24 June 1978) was a Soviet mathematician who worked as an engineer in the Soviet space program. He was the academician of the Academy o ...
(1911–1978) * Carlo Cattaneo (1911–1979) *
Gregory Hugh Wannier Gregory Hugh Wannier (1911–1983) was a Swiss physicist. Biography Wannier received his physics PhD under Ernst Stueckelberg at the University of Basel in 1935. He worked with Professor Eugene P. Wigner as a post-doc exchange student at Prince ...
(1911–1983) * Klaus Fuchs (1911–1988) *
Arkady Migdal Arkady Beynusovich (Benediktovich) Migdal (russian: Арка́дий Бе́йнусович (Бенеди́ктович) Мигда́л; Lida, Russian Empire, 11 March 1911 – Princeton, United States, 9 February 1991) was a Soviet physicist and m ...
(1911–1991) * Paul Weiss (1911–1991) *
Walter Franz Walter Franz (8 April 1911, in Munich – 16 February 1992, in Münster) was a German theoretical physicist who independently discovered the Franz–Keldysh effect. Franz was a student of Arnold Sommerfeld at the University of Munich. He wa ...
(1911–1992) * Richard Buckingham (1911–1994) *
William Alfred Fowler William Alfred Fowler ( ) was an American nuclear physicist, later astrophysicist, who, with Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, won the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physics. He is known for his theoretical and experimental research into nuclear reactions with ...
(1911–1995) *
Raymond Lyttleton Raymond Arthur Lyttleton FRS (7 May 1911 – 16 May 1995) was a British mathematician and theoretical astronomer. He was born in Warley Woods near Birmingham and educated at King Edward VI Five Ways school in Birmingham, going from there to C ...
(1911–1995) * Menahem Max Schiffer (1911–1997) *
Nicholas Kemmer Nicholas Kemmer (7 December 1911 – 21 October 1998) was a Russian-born nuclear physicist working in Britain, who played an integral and leading edge role in United Kingdom's nuclear programme, and was known as a mentor of Abdus Salam – a N ...
(1911–1998) * Aleksander Akhiezer (1911–2000) * R. E. Siday (1912–1956) *
Heinrich Welker Heinrich Johann Welker (9 September 1912 in Ingolstadt – 25 December 1981 in Erlangen) was a German theoretical and applied physicist who invented the " transistron", a transistor made at Westinghouse independently of the first successful tran ...
(1912–1981) * (1912–1990) * Konrad Bleuler (1912–1992) * Mikhail Volkenshtein (1912–1992) *
Alexander Davydov Alexander Sergeevich Davydov (russian: Александр Сергеевич Давы́дов, uk, Олекса́ндр Сергі́йович Дави́дов) (26 December 1912 – 19 February 1993) was a Soviet and Ukrainian physicist. Davyd ...
(1912–1993) *
Siegfried Flügge Siegfried Flügge (16 March 1912, in Dresden – 15 December 1997, in Hinterzarten) was a German theoretical physicist who made contributions to nuclear physics and the theoretical basis for nuclear weapons. He worked on the German nuclear en ...
(1912–1997) *
Martin Schwarzschild Martin Schwarzschild (May 31, 1912 – April 10, 1997) was a German-American astrophysicist. Biography Schwarzschild was born in Potsdam into a distinguished German Jewish academic family. His father was the physicist Karl Schwarzschild and ...
(1912–1997) * Aleksandr Aleksandrov (1912–1999) *
Sidney Dancoff Sidney Michael Dancoff (September 27, 1913 in Philadelphia – August 15, 1951 in Urbana, Illinois) was an American theoretical physicist best known for the Tamm–Dancoff approximation method and for nearly developing a renormalization method for ...
(1913–1951) *
Hartland Snyder Hartland Sweet Snyder (1913, Salt Lake City – 1962) was an American physicist who along with Robert Oppenheimer calculated the gravitational collapse of a pressure-free sphere of dust particles as described by Einstein's general relativity, and f ...
(1913–1962) *
Isaak Pomeranchuk Isaak Yakovlevich Pomeranchuk (russian: Исаа́к Я́ковлевич Померанчу́к (Polish spelling: Isaak Jakowliewicz Pomieranczuk); 20 May 1913, Warsaw, Russian Empire – 14 December 1966, Moscow, USSR) was a Soviet physicist ...
(1913–1966) * (1913–1977) * Ludwig Waldmann (1913–1980) * (1913–1987) *
Frederik Belinfante Frederik Jozef Belinfante (6 January 1913 – 5 June 1991) was a Dutch physicist and a professor at Purdue University. He was a proponent of the hidden variable interpretation of quantum mechanics. Belinfante was born in the Hague and was a stud ...
(1913–1991) *
Bruno Pontecorvo Bruno Pontecorvo (; russian: Бру́но Макси́мович Понтеко́рво, ''Bruno Maksimovich Pontecorvo''; 22 August 1913 – 24 September 1993) was an Italian and Soviet nuclear physicist, an early assistant of Enrico Fermi an ...
(1913–1993) *
Józef Lubański Józef Kazimierz Lubański (1914 – 8 December 1946) was a Polish theoretical physicist. Life and works Lubanski obtained the degree of magister philosophies at Wilna in 1937. He then worked for two years as an assistant in theoretical phy ...
(1914–1946) * (1914–1974) *
Henry Primakoff Henry Primakoff (* February 12, 1914 in Odessa, Russian Empire, now Ukraine; † July 25, 1983 in Philadelphia, United States) was a theoretical physicist who is famous for his discovery of the Primakoff effect. Primakoff contributed to the und ...
(1914–1983) *
Mark Kac Mark Kac ( ; Polish: ''Marek Kac''; August 3, 1914 – October 26, 1984) was a Polish American mathematician. His main interest was probability theory. His question, " Can one hear the shape of a drum?" set off research into spectral theory, the ...
(1914–1984) *
Yakov Zeldovich Yakov Borisovich Zeldovich ( be, Я́каў Бары́савіч Зяльдо́віч, russian: Я́ков Бори́сович Зельдо́вич; 8 March 1914 – 2 December 1987), also known as YaB, was a leading Soviet physicist of Bel ...
(1914–1987) *
Bernard Lippmann Bernard Abram Lippmann. (August 18, 1914 – February 12, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist. A former Professor of Physics at New York University, Lippmann is mainly known for the Lippmann-Schwinger equation, a widely used tool in non-r ...
(1914–1988) *
Mário Schenberg Mário Schenberg (var. ''Mário Schönberg'', ''Mario Schonberg'', ''Mário Schoenberg''; July 2, 1914 – November 10, 1990) was a Brazilian electrical engineer, physicist, art critic and writer. Early life Schenberg was born in Recife, Brazil ...
(1914–1990) *
Lyman Spitzer Lyman Spitzer Jr. (June 26, 1914 – March 31, 1997) was an American theoretical physicist, astronomer and mountaineer. As a scientist, he carried out research into star formation, plasma physics, and in 1946, conceived the idea of telesco ...
(1914–1997) * George Michael Volkoff (1914–2000) *
Robert R. Wilson Robert Rathbun Wilson (March 4, 1914 – January 16, 2000) was an American physicist known for his work on the Manhattan Project during World War II, as a sculptor, and as an architect of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), ...
(1914–2000) * Leonard I. Schiff (1915–1971) * Ely Eugene Bell (1915–1973) * (1915–1977) *
Theodore Holstein Theodore David Holstein (Born 18 September 1915 in New York City; died 8. May 1985) was an American theoretical physicist (Solid-state physics and Atomic physics). Holstein studied at New York University, earning a Bachelor's degree in 1935 a PhD ...
(1915–1985) *
Evgeny Lifshitz Evgeny Mikhailovich Lifshitz (russian: Евге́ний Миха́йлович Ли́фшиц; February 21, 1915, Kharkiv, Russian Empire – October 29, 1985, Moscow, Russian SFSR) was a leading Soviet physicist and brother of the physicist ...
(1915–1985) * Sudhansu Datta Majumdar (1915–1997) * Leonid Biberman (1915–1998) * Oleg Firsov (1915–1998) *
André Lichnerowicz André Lichnerowicz (January 21, 1915, Bourbon-l'Archambault – December 11, 1998, Paris) was a noted French differential geometer and mathematical physicist of Polish descent. He is considered the founder of modern Poisson geometry. Biograp ...
(1915–1998) *
Nicholas Metropolis Nicholas Constantine Metropolis (Greek: ; June 11, 1915 – October 17, 1999) was a Greek-American physicist. Metropolis received his BSc (1937) and PhD in physics (1941, with Robert Mulliken) at the University of Chicago. Shortly afterwards, ...
(1915–1999) * John D. Eshelby (1916–1981) * Elliott Waters Montroll (1916–1983) *
Iosif Shklovsky Iosif Samuilovich Shklovsky (russian: Ио́сиф Самуи́лович Шкло́вский; sometimes transliterated ''Josif, Josif, Shklovskii, Shklovskij'') (1 July 1916 – 3 March 1985) was a Soviet astronomer and astrophysicist. He ...
(1916–1985) * (1916–1989) *
Robert Marshak Robert Eugene Marshak (October 11, 1916 – December 23, 1992) was an American physicist, educator, and eighth president of the City College of New York. Biography Marshak was born in the Bronx, New York City. His parents, Harry and Rose Marshak ...
(1916–1992) *
Kirill Tolpygo Kirill Borisovich Tolpygo ( uk, Кирилo Борисович Толпиго; russian: Кирилл Борисович Толпыго; 3 May 1916 – 13 May 1994) was a Soviet physicist and a corresponding member of the National Academy of Scienc ...
(1916–1994) *
Robert Dicke Robert Henry Dicke (; May 6, 1916 – March 4, 1997) was an American astronomer and physicist who made important contributions to the fields of astrophysics, atomic physics, cosmology and gravity. He was the Albert Einstein Professor in Scienc ...
(1916–1997) * Robert G. Sachs (1916–1999) *
Per-Olov Löwdin Per-Olov Löwdin (October 28, 1916 – October 6, 2000) was a Swedish physicist, professor at the University of Uppsala from 1960 to 1983, and in parallel at the University of Florida until 1993. A former graduate student under Ivar Waller, Löwd ...
(1916–2000) * Theodore H. Berlin (1917–1962) * Imre Fényes (1917–1977) *
Ilya Lifshitz Ilya Mikhailovich Lifshitz (russian: Илья́ Миха́йлович Ли́фшиц; January 13, 1917 – October 23, 1982) was a leading Soviet theoretical physicist, brother of Evgeny Lifshitz. He is known for his works in solid state phys ...
(1917–1982) *
Yevgeny Zababakhin Yevgeny Ivanovich Zababakhin (russian: Евгений Иванович Забабахин; January 16, 1917 in Moscow, Russian Empire – December 27, 1984 in Snezhinsk, Soviet Union) was a Soviet military engineer, theoretical physicist and one of ...
(1917–1984) *
Solomon Pekar Solomon Isaakovich Pekar ( uk, Соломон Ісаакович Пекар; russian: Соломон Исаакович Пекар; 16 March 1917 – 8 July 1985) was a Soviet theoretical physicist, born in Kyiv, Ukraine. He was a full Member of ...
(1917–1985) *
James Rainwater Leo James Rainwater (December 9, 1917 – May 31, 1986) was an American physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1975 for his part in determining the asymmetrical shapes of certain atomic nuclei. During World War II, he worked on the ...
(1917–1986) *
Veniamin Levich Veniamin Grigorievich (Benjamin) Levich (russian: Вениами́н Григо́рьевич Ле́вич; 30 March 1917 in Kharkiv, Ukraine – 19 January 1987 in Englewood, New Jersey, United States) was a Soviet dissident, internationally pro ...
(1917–1987) *
Eli Sternberg Eli Sternberg (13 November 1917 – 8 October 1988) was a researcher in solid mechanics and was considered to be the "nation's leading elastician" at the time of his death. He earned his doctorate in 1945 under Michael Sadowsky at the Illinois Ins ...
(1917–1988) * (1917–1990) *
David Bohm David Joseph Bohm (; 20 December 1917 – 27 October 1992) was an American-Brazilian-British scientist who has been described as one of the most significant theoretical physicists of the 20th centuryPeat 1997, pp. 316-317 and who contributed u ...
(1917–1992) * (1917–1992) *
Dmitry Zubarev Dmitry Nikolayevich Zubarev (russian: Дми́трий Никола́евич Зу́барев; November 27, 1917 – July 29, 1992) was a Soviet and Russian theoretical physicist known for his contributions to statistical mechanics, non-equilib ...
(1917–1992) *
Herman Feshbach Herman Feshbach (February 2, 1917, in New York City – 22 December 2000, in Cambridge, Massachusetts) was an American physicist. He was an Institute Professor Emeritus of physics at MIT. Feshbach is best known for Feshbach resonance and for wr ...
(1917–2000) *
Richard Feynman Richard Phillips Feynman (; May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist, known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, the physics of the superflu ...
(1918–1988) *
Res Jost Res Jost (10 January 1918 – 3 October 1990) was a Swiss theoretical physicist, who worked mainly in constructive quantum field theory. Biography Res Jost was born on January 10, 1918, in Bern. He is the son of the physics teacher Wilhelm ...
(1918–1990) * Harold Hopkins (1918–1994) *
Kirill Gurov Kirill Gurov (6 March 1918 – 29 September 1994) was a Soviet Russian theoretical physicist working in the field of physical kinetics. Gurov was born in Moscow, Russia, in the family of a military officer. In 1936, he was accepted without ...
(1918–1994) *
Julian Schwinger Julian Seymour Schwinger (; February 12, 1918 – July 16, 1994) was a Nobel Prize winning American theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work on quantum electrodynamics (QED), in particular for developing a relativistically invariant ...
(1918–1994) * Max Dresden (1918–1997) * Irving Segal (1918–1998) * James Hamilton (1918–2000) *
Abraham Pais Abraham Pais (; May 19, 1918 – July 28, 2000) was a Dutch-American physicist and science historian. Pais earned his Ph.D. from University of Utrecht just prior to a Nazi ban on Jewish participation in Dutch universities during World War II. ...
(1918–2000) *
Paul Taunton Matthews Paul Taunton Matthews CBE FRS (19 November 1919 – 26 February 1987) was a British theoretical physicist. Biography Matthews was born in Erode in British India, and was educated at Mill Hill School and Clare College, Cambridge, where he ...
(1919–1987) *
Herbert Callen Herbert Bernard Callen (July 1, 1919 – May 22, 1993) was an American physicist specializing in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. He is considered one of the founders of the modern theory of irreversible thermodynamics, and is the author ...
(1919–1993) * Clifford Truesdell (1919–2000) *
Julius Ashkin Julius Ashkin (August 23, 1920 – June 4, 1982) was a leader in experimental and theoretical physics known for furthering the evolution of particle physics from nuclear physics. As a theoretical physicist he made contributions in the fields of st ...
(1920–1982) * Ryogo Kubo (1920–1995) * Gerhart Lüders (1920–1995) *
Herbert S. Green Herbert Sydney Green (17 December 1920 – 16 February 1999) was a British–Australian physicist. Green was a doctoral student of the Nobel Laureate Max Born at Edinburgh, with whom he was involved in the development of the modern kinetic theor ...
(1920–1999) *
George Batchelor George Keith Batchelor FRS (8 March 1920 – 30 March 2000) was an Australian applied mathematician and fluid dynamicist. He was for many years a Professor of Applied Mathematics in the University of Cambridge, and was founding head of the De ...
(1920–2000) *
Sergei Tyablikov Sergei Vladimirovich Tyablikov (russian: Серге́й Влади́мирович Тя́бликов; September 7, 1921 – March 17, 1968) was a Soviet theoretical physicist known for his significant contributions to statistical mechanics, solid ...
(1921–1968) * Sigurd Zienau (1921–1976) *
Alfred Schild Alfred Schild (September 7, 1921 – May 24, 1977) was a leading Austrian American physicist, well known for his contributions to the Golden age of general relativity (1960–1975). Biography Schild was born in Istanbul on September 7, 1921. His ...
(1921–1977) *
Andrei Sakharov Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov ( rus, Андрей Дмитриевич Сахаров, p=ɐnˈdrʲej ˈdmʲitrʲɪjevʲɪtɕ ˈsaxərəf; 21 May 192114 December 1989) was a Soviet nuclear physicist, dissident, nobel laureate and activist for nu ...
(1921–1989) *
John M. Blatt John Markus Blatt (23 November 1921, Vienna – 16 March 1990, Haifa) was an Austrian-born American theoretical physicist. Life Blatt was the son of a successful physician in Vienna. In 1938 the family immigrated to the US as Jews fleeing the Ansch ...
(1921–1990) *
Feza Gürsey Feza Gürsey (; April 7, 1921 – April 13, 1992) was a Turkish mathematician and physicist. Among his most prominent contributions to theoretical physics, his works on the Chiral model and on SU(6) are most popular. Early life Feza Gürse ...
(1921–1992) * Igor Ternov (1921–1996) * Melville S. Green (1922–1979) * Ernst G. Straus (1922–1983) * (1922–1988) * (1922–1991) *
Lawrence Biedenharn Lawrence Christian Biedenharn, Jr. (18 November 1922, Vicksburg, Mississippi – 12 February 1996, Austin, Texas) was an American theoretical nuclear physicist and mathematical physicist, a leading expert on applications of Lie group theory to phys ...
(1922–1996) *
Jens Lindhard Jens Lindhard (26 February 1922 – 15 October 1997) was a Danish physicist and professor at Aarhus University working on condensed matter physics, statistical physics and special relativity. He was the president of the Royal Danish Academy of Scie ...
(1922–1997) *
Edwin Thompson Jaynes Edwin Thompson Jaynes (July 5, 1922 – April 30, 1998) was the Wayman Crow Distinguished Professor of Physics at Washington University in St. Louis. He wrote extensively on statistical mechanics and on foundations of probability and statistic ...
(1922–1998) *
Claude Bloch Claude Bloch (18 March 1923 – 29 December 1971) was a French theoretical nuclear physicist. He authored over 60 published articles and made significant impact on the fields of quantum field theory, nuclear physics, and the many-body problem. Bl ...
(1923–1971) *
Kurt Symanzik Kurt Symanzik (November 23, 1923 – October 25, 1983) was a German physicist working in quantum field theory. Life Symanzik was born in Lyck (Ełk), East Prussia, and spent his childhood in Königsberg. He started studying physics in 1946 a ...
(1923–1983) *
Harold Grad Harold Grad (January 23, 1923 in New York City – November 17, 1986) was an American applied mathematician. His work specialized in the application of statistical mechanics to plasma physics and magnetohydrodynamics. Work In statistical mechan ...
(1923–1986) *
Joaquin Mazdak Luttinger Joaquin (Quin) Mazdak Luttinger (December 2, 1923 – April 6, 1997) was an American physicist well known for his contributions to the theory of interacting electrons in one-dimensional metals (the electrons in these metals are said to be in ...
(1923–1997) *
Gregory Pikus Gregory Evgenievich (Ezekielevich) Pikus (May 7, 1923 – April 12, 1998) was a prominent Soviet Theoretical physics, theoretical physicist whose contributions strongly influenced developing physics of semiconductors. Among his most fundamental cont ...
(1923–1998) *
Louis Michel Louis Michel (born 2 September 1947) is a Belgian politician. He served in the government of Belgium as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1999 to 2004 and was European Commissioner for Development and Humanitarian Aid from 2004 to 2009. From 20 ...
(1923–1999) * (1924–1981) *
Léon Van Hove Léon Charles Prudent Van Hove (10 February 1924 – 2 September 1990) was a Belgian physicist and a Director General of CERN. He developed a scientific career spanning mathematics, solid state physics, elementary particle and nuclear physics t ...
(1924–1990) * Gregory Garibian (1924–1991) *
Juan José Giambiagi Juan José Giambiagi (18 June 1924 – 8 January 1996) was an Argentinian physicist and co-discoverer of the dimensional regularization __NOTOC__ In theoretical physics, dimensional regularization is a method introduced by Giambiagi and Bo ...
(1924–1996) *
Harry Lehmann Harry Lehmann (21 March 1924 in Güstrow22 November 1998 in Hamburg) was a German physicist. Biography Lehmann studied physics at Rostock and the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. In 1952 he worked at the Max-Planck-Institut in Göttingen, and ...
(1924–1998) *
Efim Fradkin Efim Samoilovich Fradkin (Russian: ''Ефим Самойлович Фрадкин'') (November 30, 1924 – May 25, 1999) was a Russian physicist. Fradkin was born in Shchedrin near Zhlobin (now Belarus), then in the Soviet Union, in 1924. Fr ...
(1924–1999) *
John Clive Ward John Clive Ward, (1 August 1924 – 6 May 2000) was a British-Australian physicist. He introduced the Ward–Takahashi identity, also known as "Ward Identity" (or "Ward's Identities"). Andrei Sakharov said Ward was one of the titans of q ...
(1924–2000) *
Sam Treiman Sam Bard Treiman (; May 27, 1925 – November 30, 1999) was an American theoretical physicist who produced research in the fields of cosmic rays, quantum physics, plasma physics, and gravity physics. He made contributions to the understanding of ...
(1925–1999) * (1925–2000) *
Gunnar Källén Anders Olof Gunnar Källén (13 February 1926 in Kristianstad, Sweden – 13 October 1968 in Hanover, West Germany in a plane accident) was a leading Swedish theoretical physicist and a professor at Lund University until his death at the age of 42. ...
(1926–1968) *
Rem Khokhlov Rem Viktorovich Khokhlov (russian: link=no, Рем Викторович Хохлов; July 15, 1926, in Livny – August 8, 1977, in Moscow) was a Soviet physicist and university teacher, rector of Lomonosov Moscow State University, one of the foun ...
(1926–1977) * Stuart Thomas Butler (1926–1982) * (1926–1986) *
Eugene P. Gross Eugene Paul Gross (27 June 1926 – 19 January 1991) was a theoretical physicist and Edward and Gertrude Swartz professor at Brandeis University, known for his contribution to the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) collision model used in the Boltzmann ...
(1926–1991) *
Abdus Salam Mohammad Abdus Salam Salam adopted the forename "Mohammad" in 1974 in response to the anti-Ahmadiyya decrees in Pakistan, similarly he grew his beard. (; ; 29 January 192621 November 1996) was a Punjabi Pakistani theoretical physicist and a ...
(1926–1996) * (1926–1998) *
Dennis Sciama Dennis William Siahou Sciama, (; 18 November 1926 – 18/19 December 1999) was a British physicist who, through his own work and that of his students, played a major role in developing British physics after the Second World War. He was the PhD ...
(1926–1999) *
Rudolph Max Sternheimer Rudolph or Rudolf may refer to: People * Rudolph (name), the given name including a list of people with the name Religious figures * Rudolf of Fulda (died 865), 9th century monk, writer and theologian * Rudolf von Habsburg-Lothringen (1788 ...
(1926–2000) *
Aneesur Rahman Aneesur Rahman (24 August 1927 – 6 June 1987) pioneered the application of computational methods to physical systems. His 1964 paper on liquid argon studied a system of 864 argon atoms on a CDC 3600 computer, using a Lennard-Jones potential ...
(1927–1987) * Yuri Yappa (1927–1998) *
Rolf Landauer Rolf William Landauer (February 4, 1927 – April 27, 1999) was a German-American physicist who made important contributions in diverse areas of the thermodynamics of information processing, condensed matter physics, and the conductivity of disor ...
(1927–1999) * Robert Mills (1927–1999) *
John Stewart Bell John Stewart Bell FRS (28 July 1928 – 1 October 1990) was a physicist from Northern Ireland and the originator of Bell's theorem, an important theorem in quantum physics regarding hidden-variable theories. In 2022, the Nobel Prize in Phy ...
(1928–1990) *
Richard E. Cutkosky Richard Edwin Cutkosky (29 July 1928 – 17 June 1993) was a physicist, best known for the Cutkosky cutting rules in quantum field theory, which give a simple way to calculate the discontinuity of the scattering amplitude by Feynman diagram ...
(1928–1993) *
Gurgen Askaryan Gurgen Ashotovich Askaryan ( hy, Գուրգեն Ասկարյան; russian: Гурген Аскарьян or Гурген Аскарян) (14 December 1928 – 2 March 1997) was a prominent Soviet - Armenian physicist, famous for his discovery of ...
(1928–1997) * (1929–1988) * David Klyshko (1929–2000) * (1929–2000) *
Hugh Everett Hugh Everett III (; November 11, 1930 – July 19, 1982) was an American physicist who first proposed the many-worlds interpretation (MWI) of quantum physics, which he termed his "relative state" formulation. In contrast to the then-dominant Cope ...
(1930–1982) *
Vladimir Gribov Vladimir Naumovich Gribov (Russian Влади́мир Нау́мович Гри́бов; March 25, 1930, LeningradAugust 13, 1997, Budapest) was a prominent Russian theoretical physicist, who worked on high-energy physics, quantum field theory an ...
(1930–1997) *
Ruslan Stratonovich Ruslan Leont'evich Stratonovich (russian: Русла́н Лео́нтьевич Страто́нович) was a Russian physicist, engineer, and probabilist and one of the founders of the theory of stochastic differential equations. Biography R ...
(1930–1997) *
Felix Berezin Felix Alexandrovich Berezin (russian: Фе́ликс Алекса́ндрович Бере́зин; 25 April 1931 – 14 July 1980) was a Soviet Russian mathematician and physicist known for his contributions to the theory of supersymmetry and sup ...
(1931–1980) * John Hubbard (1931–1980) *
Revaz Dogonadze Revaz Dogonadze (November 21, 1931 – May 13, 1985) was a notable Georgian scientist, Corresponding Member of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (GNAS) (1982), Doctor of Physical & Mathematical Sciences (Full Doctor) (1966), Professor (1972 ...
(1931–1985) * (1931–1986) * Luciano Fonda (1931–1998) * (1932–1991) * Walter Marshall (1932–1996) *
J. J. Sakurai was a Japanese-American particle physicist and theorist. While a graduate student at Cornell University, Sakurai independently discovered the V-A theory of weak interactions. He authored the popular graduate text ''Modern Quantum Mechanics'' ( ...
(1933–1982) * Leopoldo Máximo Falicov (1933–1995) *
Shivaramakrishnan Pancharatnam Shivaramakrishnan Pancharatnam (1934–1969) was an Indian physicist who did significant work in the field of optics. He is noted for his discovery of a type of geometric phase sometimes known as Pancharatnam phase for polarized beams passing t ...
(1934–1969) * Alexey Andreevich Anselm (1934–1998) *
Vadim Berezinskii Vadim L'vovich Berezinskii (July 15, 1935 in Kyiv – June 23, 1980 in Moscow) was a Soviet physicist. He was born in Kyiv, graduated from Moscow State University in 1959, and worked in Moscow and the Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics. He i ...
(1935–1980) *
Peter A. Carruthers Peter Carruthers (1935 – August 3, 1997) was an American physicist best known for leading the theoretical division of Los Alamos National Laboratory from 1973 until 1980. Early life and education Peter Carruthers was born in Lafayette, Indi ...
(1935–1997) * Victor Popov (1937–1994) *
Roger Dashen Roger Frederick Dashen (May 5, 1938 in Grand Junction, Colorado – May 25, 1995 in La Jolla) was an American theoretical physicist who studied particle physics and quantum field theory. Dashen studied physics at the Harvard University (where he ...
(1938–1995) *
Claude Itzykson Claude Georges Itzykson, (11 April 1938 – 22 May 1995) was a French theoretical physicist who worked in quantum field theory and statistical mechanics. Biography Separated from his parents by World War II, his father was taken to a Na ...
(1938–1995) * (1938–1998) *
Arkady Aronov Arkady Girshevich Aronov (russian: Аркадий Гиршевич Аронов; July 26, 1939 in Leningrad, Soviet Union – November 13, 1994 in Rehovot, Israel) was a Russian and Israeli theoretical condensed matter physicist, notable for his a ...
(1939–1994) * (1939–2000) * Herbert H. Chen (1942–1987) *
Dan Walls Daniel Frank Walls Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (13 September 1942 – 12 May 1999) was a New Zealand theoretical physicist specialising in quantum optics. Education Walls gained a BSc in physics and mathematics and a first class honours M ...
(1942–1999) * Giuliano Preparata (1942–2000) * Elizabeth Gardnerª (1957–1988) *
Vadim Knizhnik Vadim Genrikhovich Knizhnik ( Russian: Вади́м Ге́нрихович Кни́жник; 20 February 1962, Kiev – 25 December 1987, Moscow) was a Soviet physicist of Jewish and Russian descent. Biography Knizhnik studied physics from 1978 t ...
(1962–1987)


20th–21st century

*
Hans Bethe Hans Albrecht Bethe (; July 2, 1906 – March 6, 2005) was a German-American theoretical physicist who made major contributions to nuclear physics, astrophysics, quantum electrodynamics, and solid-state physics, and who won the 1967 Nobel Prize ...
° (1906–2005) *
Melba Phillips Melba Newell Phillips (February 1, 1907 – November 8, 2004) was an American physicist and pioneer science educator. One of the first doctoral students of J. Robert Oppenheimer at the University of California, Berkeley, Phillips completed her Ph. ...
(1907–2004) *
László Tisza László Tisza (July 7, 1907 – April 15, 2009) was a Hungarian-born American physicist who was Professor of Physics Emeritus at MIT. He was a colleague of famed physicists Edward Teller, Lev Landau and Fritz London, and initiated the two-flui ...
(1907–2009) *
Victor Weisskopf Victor Frederick "Viki" Weisskopf (also spelled Viktor; September 19, 1908 – April 22, 2002) was an Austrian-born American theoretical physicist. He did postdoctoral work with Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger, Wolfgang Pauli, and Niels Boh ...
(1908–2002) *
Edward Teller Edward Teller ( hu, Teller Ede; January 15, 1908 – September 9, 2003) was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist who is known colloquially as "the father of the hydrogen bomb" (see the Teller–Ulam design), although he did not care fo ...
(1908–2003) *
Arthur Geoffrey Walker Prof Arthur Geoffrey Walker FRS FRSE (17 July 1909 in Watford, Hertfordshire, England – 31 March 2001) was a British mathematician who made important contributions to physics and physical cosmology. Although he was an accomplished geomete ...
(1909–2001) * Werner Romberg (1909–2003) * (1911–2001) *
Leslie Howarth Leslie Howarth FRS (23 May 1911 – 22 September 2001) was a British mathematician who dealt with hydrodynamics and aerodynamics. Biography Howarth was educated at Accrington Academy#Accrington Grammar School, Accrington Grammar School, from wh ...
(1911–2001) * Frederick Seitz (1911–2008) * John Wheeler (1911–2008) *
Ugo Fano Ugo Fano (July 28, 1912 – February 13, 2001) was an Italian American physicist, notable for contributions to theoretical physics. Biography Ugo Fano was born into a wealthy Jewish family in Turin, Italy. His father was Gino Fano, a professo ...
(1912–2001) *
Naum Meiman Naum Natanovich (Nokhim Sanalevich) Meiman (russian: Нау́м Ната́нович (Но́хим Са́нелевич) Ме́йман, 12 May 1912, Bazar, Ukraine – 31 March 2001, Tel Aviv) was a Soviet mathematician, and dissident. He is k ...
(1912–2001) *
Evgenii Feinberg Evgenii L'vovich Feinberg (27 June 1912 – 10 December 2005) was a Soviet physicist, recognized for his contributions to theoretical physics. He was the son of a physician, born in Baku, moving to Moscow in 1918 where he graduated from Moscow St ...
(1912–2005) *
Markus Fierz Markus Eduard Fierz (20 June 1912 – 20 June 2006) was a Swiss physicist, particularly remembered for his formulation of spin–statistics theorem, and for his contributions to the development of quantum theory, particle physics, and statistic ...
(1912–2006) *
Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker Carl Friedrich Freiherr von Weizsäcker (; 28 June 1912 – 28 April 2007) was a German physicist and philosopher. He was the longest-living member of the team which performed nuclear research in Germany during the Second World War, under ...
(1912–2007) *
Harald Keres Harald Keres (, in Pärnu – 26 June 2010) was an Estonian physicist considered to be the father of the Estonian school of relativistic gravitation theory. In 1961 Keres became a member of the Estonian Academy of Sciences in the field of theoret ...
(1912–2010) *
Maurice Pryce Maurice Henry Lecorney Pryce (24 January 1913 – 24 July 2003) was a British physicist. Pryce was born in Croydon to an Anglo-Welsh father and French mother, and in his teens attended the Royal Grammar School, Guildford. After a few months in ...
(1913–2003) *
Willis Lamb Willis Eugene Lamb Jr. (; July 12, 1913 – May 15, 2008) was an American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1955 "for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum." The Nobel Committee that year awarded hal ...
(1913–2008) * James Stark Koehler (1914–2006) *
Conyers Herring William Conyers Herring (November 15, 1914 – July 23, 2009) was an American physicist. He was a Professor of Applied Physics at Stanford University and the Wolf Prize in Physics recipient in 1984/5. Academic career Conyers Herring completed ...
(1914–2009) *
Anatole Abragam Anatole Abragam (15 December 1914 – 8 June 2011) was a French physicist who wrote ''The Principles of Nuclear Magnetism'' and made significant contributions to the field of nuclear magnetic resonance. Originally from Griva, Courland Govern ...
(1914–2011) *
Fred Hoyle Sir Fred Hoyle FRS (24 June 1915 – 20 August 2001) was an English astronomer who formulated the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis and was one of the authors of the influential B2FH paper. He also held controversial stances on other sci ...
(1915–2001) *
Peter Bergmann Peter Gabriel Bergmann (24 March 1915 – 19 October 2002) was a German-American physicist best known for his work with Albert Einstein on a unified field theory encompassing all physical interactions. He also introduced primary and seconda ...
(1915–2002) * (1915–2003) *
Philip Morrison Philip Morrison (November 7, 1915 – April 22, 2005) was a professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He is known for his work on the Manhattan Project during World War II, and for his later work in quantum physi ...
(1915–2005) * P. R. Wallace (1915–2006) *
Ivan Supek Ivan Supek (8 April 1915 – 5 March 2007) was a Croatian physicist, philosopher, writer, playwright, peace activist and humanist. Early years and education Supek was born in Zagreb, Croatia (still nominally under Austria-Hungary). During his hig ...
(1915–2007) * David Turnbull (1915–2007) * Jan Korringa (1915–2015) *
Charles H. Townes Charles Hard Townes (July 28, 1915 – January 27, 2015) was an American physicist. Townes worked on the theory and application of the maser, for which he obtained the fundamental patent, and other work in quantum electronics associated wi ...
(1915–2015) *
Harold Neville Vazeille Temperley Professor Harold Neville Vazeille Temperley (4 March 1915 – 27 March 2017), better known as Neville Temperley, was an applied mathematician who made numerous contributions to the fields of statistical mechanics, graph theory and the physics of l ...
(1915–2017) * (1916–2006) *
Frank Nabarro Frank Reginald Nunes Nabarro MBE OMS FRS (7 March 1916 – 20 July 2006) was an English-born South African physicist and one of the pioneers of solid-state physics, which underpins much of 21st-century technology. Education Born 7 March 19 ...
(1916–2006) *
Vitaly Ginzburg Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg, ForMemRS (russian: Вита́лий Ла́заревич Ги́нзбург, link=no; 4 October 1916 – 8 November 2009) was a Russian physicist who was honored with the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003, together with ...
(1916–2009) *
Robert F. Christy Robert Frederick Christy (May 14, 1916 – October 3, 2012) was a Canadian-American theoretical physicist and later astrophysicist who was one of the last surviving people to have worked on the Manhattan Project during World War II. He briefly ...
(1916–2012) *
Paolo Budinich Paolo Budinich (28 August 1916 – 14 November 2013) was an Italian theoretical physicist. Born in Lussingrande to a family of sailors, he grew up and studied in Trieste, where the family resided and his father Antonio Budini taught in the local ...
(1916–2013) *
Charles Kittel Charles Kittel (July 18, 1916 – May 15, 2019) was an American physicist. He was a professor at University of California, Berkeley from 1951 and was professor emeritus from 1978 until his death. Life and work Charles Kittel was born in New Yo ...
(1916–2019) *
Ilya Prigogine Viscount Ilya Romanovich Prigogine (; russian: Илья́ Рома́нович Приго́жин; 28 May 2003) was a physical chemist and Nobel laureate noted for his work on dissipative structures, complex systems, and irreversibility. Biogra ...
(1917–2003) * Leonid Brekhovskikh (1917–2005) *
Yurii Mitropolskiy Yurii Alekseevich Mitropolskiy ( uk, Юрій Олексійович Митропольський; 3 January 1917 – 14 June 2008) was a renowned Soviet and Ukrainian mathematician known for his contributions to the fields of dynamical systems a ...
(1917–2008) * Morikazu Toda (1917–2010) *
Arthur Iberall Arthur S. Iberall (June 12, 1918 – December 8, 2002) was an American physicist/hydrodynamicist and engineer who pioneered homeokinetics, the physics of complex, self-organizing systems. He was the originator of the concept of lines of non- ...
(1918–2002) *
David George Kendall David George Kendall FRS (15 January 1918 – 23 October 2007) was an English statistician and mathematician, known for his work on probability, statistical shape analysis, ley lines and queueing theory. He spent most of his academic li ...
(1918–2007) * Theodore A. Welton (1918–2010) *
Clemens C. J. Roothaan Clemens C. J. Roothaan (August 29, 1918 – June 17, 2019) was a Dutch physicist and chemist known for his development of the self-consistent field theory of molecular structure. Biography Roothaan was born in Nijmegen. He enrolled TU Delft in 19 ...
(1918–2019) *
Dirk ter Haar Dirk ter Haar FRSE FIP DSc (; Oosterwolde, 19 April 1919 – Drachten, 3 September 2002) was an Anglo-Dutch physicist. Life Dirk ter Haar was born at Oosterwolde in the province Friesland in the north of the Netherlands on 19 April 1919. He s ...
(1919–2002) *
Rolf Hagedorn Rolf Hagedorn (20 July 1919 – 9 March 2003) was a German theoretical physicist who worked at CERN. He is known for the idea that hadronic matter has a "melting point". The Hagedorn temperature is named in his honor. Early life Hagedorn's y ...
(1919–2003) *
Hermann Bondi Sir Hermann Bondi (1 November 1919 – 10 September 2005) was an Austrian- British mathematician and cosmologist. He is best known for developing the steady state model of the universe with Fred Hoyle and Thomas Gold as an alternative to the ...
(1919–2005) *
Huang Kun Huang Kun (; September 2, 1919 – July 6, 2005) was a Chinese physicist and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was awarded the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award (the highest science award in China) by President Jia ...
(1919–2005) * Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky (1919–2007) * Peter Westervelt (1919–2015) *
Isaak Khalatnikov Isaak Markovych Khalatnykov ( uk, Ісаа́к Ма́ркович Хала́тников; 17 October 1919 – 9 January 2021) was a leading Soviet theoretical physicist who has made significant contributions to many areas of theoretical physics, ...
(1919–2021) *
Brian Pippard Sir Alfred Brian Pippard, FRS (7 September 1920 – 21 September 2008), was a British physicist. He was Cavendish Professor of Physics from 1971 until 1982 and an Honorary Fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge, of which he was the first President. ...
(1920–2008) *
Kenneth Le Couteur Kenneth James Le Couteur (16 September 1920 – 18 April 2011) was a British physicist who was the foundation Professor of Theoretical Physics at the Australian National University in Canberra. During World War II he worked at Bletchley Park as ...
(1920–2011) *
Cyril Domb Cyril Domb FRS (9 December 1920 – 15 February 2012) was a British-Israeli theoretical physicist, best known for his lecturing and writing on the theory of phase transitions and critical phenomena of fluids. He was also known in the Orthodox ...
(1920–2012) *
James Bruce French James Bruce French (1921–2002) was a Canadian-American theoretical physicist, specializing in nuclear physics. J. Bruce French received in 1942 his bachelor's degree in physics from Dalhousie University and served during WWII in the Royal Canad ...
(1921–2002) *
Felix Villars Felix Villars (; 6 January 1921 – 27 April 2002) was a Swiss people, Swiss-born Americans, American emeritus professor of physics at MIT. He is best known for the Pauli–Villars regularization, an important principle in quantum field theory. ...
(1921–2002) *
Giovanni Rossi Lomanitz Ross Lomanitz (1921–2003) was an American physicist. He was born in Bryan, Texas and grew up in Oklahoma. His father was an agricultural chemist and named his son after the Italian socialist Giovanni Rossi, who had founded an agricultural ...
(1921–2003) *
Francis E. Low Francis Eugene Low (October 27, 1921 – February 16, 2007) was an American theoretical physicist. He was an Institute Professor at MIT, and served as provost there from 1980 to 1985. He was a member of the influential JASON Defense Advisory Gro ...
(1921–2007) * (1921–2007) *
Akiva Yaglom Akiva Moiseevich Yaglom (russian: Аки́ва Моисе́евич Ягло́м; 6 March 1921 – 13 December 2007) was a Soviet and Russian physicist, mathematician, statistician, and meteorologist. He was known for his contributions to the sta ...
(1921–2007) *
Andrew M. Gleason Andrew Mattei Gleason (19212008) was an American mathematician who made fundamental contributions to widely varied areas of mathematics, including the solution of Hilbert's fifth problem, and was a leader in reform and innovation in teaching at ...
(1921–2008) *
Nico van Kampen Nicolaas 'Nico' Godfried van Kampen (June 22, 1921 – October 6, 2013) was a Dutch theoretical physicist, who worked mainly on statistical mechanics and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Van Kampen was born in Leiden, and was a nephew of Frits Zer ...
(1921–2013) * Eugen Merzbacher (1921–2013) *
Albert Messiah Albert Messiah (23 September 1921, Nice – 17 April 2013, Paris) was a French physicist. He studied at the Ecole Polytechnique. He spent the Second World War in the Free France forces: he embarked on 22 June 1940 at Saint-Jean-de-Luz for Engla ...
(1921–2013) *
Jacques Friedel Jacques Friedel ForMemRS (; 11 February 1921 – 27 August 2014) was a French physicist and material scientist. Education Friedel attended the Cours Hattemer, a private school. He studied at the École Polytechnique from 1944 to 1946, and the É ...
(1921–2014) * (1921–2014) *
Takeo Matsubara was a Japanese physicist. Matsubara proposed a method of statistical mechanics related to Green's function (many-body theory), by applying quantum field theory techniques to statistical physics. This method, commonly known as Matsubara Green's ...
(1921–2014) *
Yoichiro Nambu was a Japanese-American physicist and professor at the University of Chicago. Known for his contributions to the field of theoretical physics, he was awarded half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2008 for the discovery in 1960 of the mechanism ...
(1921–2015) *
Louis Witten Louis may refer to: * Louis (coin) * Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name * Louis (surname) * Louis (singer), Serbian singer * HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy See also Derived or associated terms * Lewis ( ...
(born 1921) *
Peter Mazur Peter Mazur (born Vienna, Austria, 11 December 1922; died Lausanne, Switzerland, 15 August 2001) was an Austrian-born, Dutch physicist and one of the founders of the field of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. He is the father of Harvard University phy ...
(1922–2001) * Melvin Lax (1922–2002) * William Cochran (1922–2003) *
Behram Kurşunoğlu Behram Kurşunoğlu (14 March 1922 – 25 October 2003) was a Turkish physicist and the founder and the director of the Center for Theoretical Studies, University of Miami. He was best known for his works on unified field theory, energy and ...
(1922–2003) *
Herbert Goldstein Herbert Goldstein (June 26, 1922 – January 12, 2005) was an American physicist and the author of the standard graduate textbook ''Classical Mechanics''. Life and work Goldstein, long recognized for his scholarship in classical mechanics and ...
(1922–2005) *
Karen Ter-Martirosian Karen Avetovich Ter-Martirosyan (russian: Карен Аветикович Тер-Мартиросян; 28 September 1922 – 19 November 2005) was a Soviet and Russian theoretical physicist of Armenian descent. He is known for his contributions to ...
(1922–2005) *
Aage Bohr Aage Niels Bohr (; 19 June 1922 – 8 September 2009) was a Danish nuclear physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1975 with Ben Roy Mottelson and James Rainwater "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and pa ...
(1922–2009) *
Arthur Wightman Arthur Strong Wightman (March 30, 1922 – January 13, 2013) was an American mathematical physicist. He was one of the founders of the axiomatic approach to quantum field theory, and originated the set of Wightman axioms. With his rigorous treatm ...
(1922–2013) *
Marvin Leonard Goldberger Marvin Leonard "Murph" Goldberger (October 22, 1922 – November 26, 2014) was an American theoretical physicist and former president of the California Institute of Technology. Biography Goldberger was born in Chicago, Illinois. He went on to re ...
(1922–2014) *
Rudolf Haag Rudolf Haag (17 August 1922 – 5 January 2016) was a German theoretical physicist, who mainly dealt with fundamental questions of quantum field theory. He was one of the founders of the modern formulation of quantum field theory and he identifi ...
(1922–2016) * (1922–2017) *
Emil Wolf Emil Wolf (July 30, 1922 – June 2, 2018) was a Czech-born American physicist who made advancements in physical optics, including diffraction, coherence properties of optical fields, spectroscopy of partially coherent radiation, and the theory ...
(1922–2018) * Richard J. Eden (1922–2021) *
Chen-Ning Yang Yang Chen-Ning or Chen-Ning Yang (; born 1 October 1922), also known as C. N. Yang or by the English name Frank Yang, is a Chinese Theoretical physics, theoretical physicist who made significant contributions to statistical mechanics, integrab ...
(born 1922) *
Bryce DeWitt Bryce Seligman DeWitt (January 8, 1923 – September 23, 2004), was an American theoretical physicist noted for his work in  gravitation and quantum field theory. Life He was born Carl Bryce Seligman, but he and his three brothers, including ...
(1923–2004) * Christopher Longuet-Higgins (1923–2004) *
Alladi Ramakrishnan Alladi Ramakrishnan (9 August 1923 – 7 June 2008) was an Indian physicist and the founder of the Institute of Mathematical Sciences (Matscience) in Chennai. He made contributions to stochastic process, particle physics, algebra of matrices, ...
(1923–2008) *
Harold Lewis Harold ("Hal") Warren Lewis (born October 1, 1923
at the Center for History of Physics,
(1923–2011) * Peter A. Wolff (1923–2013) *
Bruno Zumino Bruno Zumino (28 April 1923 − 21 June 2014) was an Italian theoretical physicist and faculty member at the University of California, Berkeley. He obtained his DSc degree from the University of Rome in 1945. He was renowned for his rigorous p ...
(1923–2014) *
Walter Kohn Walter Kohn (; March 9, 1923 – April 19, 2016) was an Austrian-American theoretical physicist and theoretical chemist. He was awarded, with John Pople, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1998. The award recognized their contributions to the unde ...
(1923–2016) *
H. Pierre Noyes H. Pierre Noyes (December 10, 1923 – September 30, 2016) was an American theoretical physicist. He became a member of the faculty at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory at Stanford University in 1962. Noyes specialized in several areas o ...
(1923–2016) * Ivor Robinson (1923–2016) *
Henri Cabannes Henri is an Estonian, Finnish, French, German and Luxembourgish form of the masculine given name Henry. People with this given name ; French noblemen :'' See the 'List of rulers named Henry' for Kings of France named Henri.'' * Henri I de Montm ...
(1923–2016) * Spartak Belyaev (1923–2017) *
Philip Warren Anderson Philip Warren Anderson (December 13, 1923 – March 29, 2020) was an American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate. Anderson made contributions to the theories of localization, antiferromagnetism, symmetry breaking (including a paper in 1 ...
(1923–2020) *
Freeman Dyson Freeman John Dyson (15 December 1923 – 28 February 2020) was an English-American theoretical physicist and mathematician known for his works in quantum field theory, astrophysics, random matrices, mathematical formulation of quantum m ...
(1923–2020) * Laurie Brown (born 1923) *
Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat (; born 29 December 1923) is a French mathematician and physicist. She has made seminal contributions to the study of Einstein's general theory of relativity, by showing that the Einstein equations can be put into the form o ...
(born 1923) * Pierre Aigrain (1924–2002) * (1924–2002) *
Albert Hibbs Albert Roach Hibbs (October 19, 1924 – February 24, 2003) was an American mathematician and physicist affiliated with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). He was known as "The Voice of JPL" due to his gift for explaining advanced science i ...
(1924–2003) *
Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri (14 September 1923 – 18 June 2005) was an Indian physicist, known for his research in general relativity and cosmology. His most significant contribution is the eponymous Raychaudhuri equation, which demonstrates that ...
(1924–2005) *
Evan O'Neill Kane Evan O'Neill Kane (April 6, 1861 – April 1, 1932) was an American physician and surgeon from the 1880s to the early 1930s who served as chief of surgery at Kane Summit Hospital in Kane, Pennsylvania. He was a significant contributor in his da ...
(1924–2006) *
Edwin Ernest Salpeter Edwin Ernest Salpeter (3 December 1924 – 26 November 2008,) was an Austrian–Australian–American astrophysicist. Life Born in Vienna to a Jewish family, Salpeter emigrated from Austria to Australia while in his teens to escape the Nazis. He ...
(1924–2008) * (1924–2009) * Benoit Mandelbrot (1924–2010) *
Yasushi Takahashi was a Japanese theoretical physicist, known for the Ward–Takahashi identity.Y. Takahashi, On the generalized Ward identity, Nuovo Cimento 6, 371 (1957) Biography *1924 Birth in Osaka *1951 B.S. Nagoya University *Fulbright Scholarships *1953 ...
(1924–2013) *
Keith Brueckner Keith Allen Brueckner (March 19, 1924 – September 19, 2014) was an American theoretical physicist who made important contributions in several areas of physics, including many-body theory in condensed matter physics, and laser fusion. Biography ...
(1924–2014) *
David Pines David Pines (June 8, 1924 May 3, 2018) was the founding director of the Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter (ICAM) and the International Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter (I2CAM) (respectively, United States-wide and international instit ...
(1924–2018) * Geoffrey Chew (1924–2019) *
Yuri Orlov Yuri Fyodorovich Orlov (russian: Ю́рий Фёдорович Орло́в, 13 August 1924 – 27 September 2020) was a particle accelerator physicist, human rights activist, Soviet dissident, founder of the Moscow Helsinki Group, a founding ...
(1924–2020) * Jerald L. Ericksen (1924–2021) * Suraj N. Gupta (born 1924) *
Nicolaas Marinus Hugenholtz Nicolaas Marinus Hugenholtz (born 26 April 1924) is a Dutch physicist. He was a professor of theoretical physics at the University of Groningen between 1960 and 1989. Hugenholtz was born in Wormerveer. He studied physics at Leiden University and o ...
(born 1924) *
John Pople Sir John Anthony Pople (31 October 1925 – 15 March 2004) was a British theoretical chemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Walter Kohn in 1998 for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry. Early ...
(1925–2004) * Ted Taylor (1925–2004) *
Renfrey Potts Renfrey Burnard (Ren) Potts AO (1925–2005) was an Australian mathematician and is notable for the Potts model and his achievements in: operations research, especially networks; transportation science, car-following and road traffic; Ising-ty ...
(1925–2005) *
John Ziman John Michael Ziman (16 May 1925 – 2 January 2005) was a British-born New Zealand physicist and humanist who worked in the area of condensed matter physics. He was a spokesman for science, as well as a teacher and author. Ziman was born in Cam ...
(1925–2005) *
Richard Dalitz Richard Henry Dalitz, FRS (28 February 1925 – 13 January 2006) was an Australian physicist known for his work in particle physics. Education and early life Born in the town of Dimboola, Victoria, Dalitz studied physics and mathematics at Me ...
(1925–2006) *
Martin David Kruskal Martin David Kruskal (; September 28, 1925 – December 26, 2006) was an American mathematician and physicist. He made fundamental contributions in many areas of mathematics and science, ranging from plasma physics to general relativity and ...
(1925–2006) *
Yuval Ne'eman Yuval Ne'eman ( he, יובל נאמן, 14 May 1925 – 26 April 2006) was an Israeli theoretical physicist, military scientist, and politician. He was Minister of Science and Development in the 1980s and early 1990s. He was the President o ...
(1925–2006) *
Albert Overhauser Albert W. Overhauser (August 17, 1925 – December 10, 2011) was an American physicist and a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He is best known for his theory of dynamic nuclear polarization known as the Overhauser Effect in nuclear ...
(1925–2011) *
Martin Gutzwiller Martin may refer to: Places * Martin City (disambiguation) * Martin County (disambiguation) * Martin Township (disambiguation) Antarctica * Martin Peninsula, Marie Byrd Land * Port Martin, Adelie Land * Point Martin, South Orkney Islands Austral ...
(1925–2014) *
Norman Rostoker Norman Rostoker (August 16, 1925 – December 25, 2014) was a Canadian plasma physicist known for being a pioneer in developing clean plasma-based fusion energy. He co-founded TAE Technologies (formerly known as Tri Alpha Energy) in 1998 and hel ...
(1925–2014) * John David Jackson (1925–2016) *
Walter Noll Walter Noll (January 7, 1925 June 6, 2017) was a mathematician, and Professor Emeritus at Carnegie Mellon University. He is best known for developing mathematical tools of classical mechanics, thermodynamics, and continuum mechanics. Biography ...
(1925–2017) *
Roy J. Glauber Roy Jay Glauber (September 1, 1925 – December 26, 2018) was an American theoretical physicist. He was the Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics at Harvard University and Adjunct Professor of Optical Sciences at the University of Arizona. Born in New ...
(1925–2018) * George G. Hall (1925–2018) * Joshua N. Goldberg (1925–2020) *
Toichiro Kinoshita Tōichirō Kinoshita (, '' Kinoshita Tōichirō ''; b. 23 January 1925 in Tokyo) is a Japanese-American theoretical physicist. Kinoshita studied physics at the University of Tokyo, earning his bachelor's degree in 1947 and then his PhD in 1952. A ...
(born 1925) *
Nándor Balázs Nándor Balázs ( hu, Balázs Nándor László; July 7, 1926August 16, 2003) was a Hungarian-American physicist, external member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (from 1995). Early life and education Balázs attended to the Rácz private ...
(1926–2003) * Richard Allan Ferrell (1926–2005) *
Erdal İnönü Erdal İnönü (6 June 1926 – 31 October 2007) was a Turkish theoretical physicist and politician, who served as the interim Prime Minister of Turkey between 16 May and 25 June 1993. He also served as the Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey from ...
(1926–2007) *
Karl Rebane Karl K. Rebane (11 April 1926, in Pärnu – 4 November 2007, in Pärnu) was an Estonian physicist. He studied at the Tallinn Technical University from 1947 to 1949, and graduated from Leningrad University in 1952. Rebane received a PhD in Solid ...
(1926–2007) * Nikolai Borisovich Delone (1926–2008) * George Klaus Horton (1926–2009) * (1926–2009) * (1926–2010) *
Gerald E. Brown Gerald Edward Brown (born July 22, 1926 in Brookings, South Dakota; † May 31, 2013 in New York City) was an American theoretical physicist who worked on nuclear physics and astrophysics. Since 1968 he had been a professor at the Stony Brook Un ...
(1926–2013) *
Anatoly Logunov Anatoly Alekseyevich Logunov (russian: Анатолий Алексеевич Логунов; December 30, 1926 – March 1, 2015) was a Soviet and Russian theoretical physicist, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences and Russian Academy of Sc ...
(1926–2015) *
Engelbert Schücking Engelbert Levin Schücking (May 23, 1926 – January 5, 2015), in English-language works often cited as E. L. Schucking, was a physics professor at New York University in New York City. His research interests were theoretical astrophysics, general ...
(1926–2015) *
Sidney Drell Sidney David Drell (September 13, 1926 – December 21, 2016) was an American theoretical physicist and arms control expert. At the time of his death, he was professor emeritus at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) and senior fel ...
(1926–2016) * (1926–2019) *
Jerome K. Percus Jerome Kenneth Percus (born 21 June 1926 in New York City; died 7 March 2021) was a physicist and mathematician known for important contributions to statistical physics, chemical physics, and applied mathematics. In 1958, he published with George ...
(1926–2021) * (1926–2022) *
Ben Roy Mottelson Ben Roy Mottelson (9 July 1926 – 13 May 2022) was an American-Danish nuclear physicist. He won the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the non-spherical geometry of atomic nuclei. Early life Mottelson was born in Chicago, Illinois on ...
(1926–2022) *
Kenneth W. Ford Kenneth William Ford (born May 1, 1926) is an American theoretical physicist, teacher, and writer, currently residing near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was the first chair of the physics department at the University of California, Irvine, and l ...
(born 1926) *
Peter Lax Peter David Lax (born Lax Péter Dávid; 1 May 1926) is a Hungarian-born American mathematician and Abel Prize laureate working in the areas of pure and applied mathematics. Lax has made important contributions to integrable systems, fluid ...
(born 1926) *
Tsung-Dao Lee Tsung-Dao Lee (; born November 24, 1926) is a Chinese-American physicist, known for his work on parity violation, the Lee–Yang theorem, particle physics, relativistic heavy ion (RHIC) physics, nontopological solitons, and soliton star ...
(born 1926) *
György Marx György Marx (25 May 1927 – 2 December 2002) was a Hungarian physicist, astrophysicist, science historian and professor. He discovered the lepton numbers and established the law of lepton flavor conservation. Life He was the first non-Briti ...
(1927–2002) * Eugene Irving Blount (1927–2005) * (1927–2008) * Michel Baranger (1927–2014) *
Walter Thirring Walter Thirring (29 April 1927 – 19 August 2014) was an Austrian physicist after whom the Thirring model in quantum field theory is named. He was the son of the physicist Hans Thirring.Thirring, H. Über die Wirkung rotierender ferner Massen ...
(1927–2014) * Gerald B. Whitham (1927–2014) * (1927–2017) * (1927–2017) * Elihu Abrahams (1927–2018) *
Michael Woolfson Michael Mark Woolfson (9 January 1927 – 23 December 2019) was a British physicist and planetary scientist. His research interests were in the fields of x-ray crystallography, biophysics, colour vision and the formation of stars and planets. A ...
(1927–2019) * (1927–2020) * Yuri Raizer (1927–2021) * Murray Gerstenhaber (born 1927) *
Hermann Haken Hermann Haken (born 12 July 1927) is physicist and professor emeritus in theoretical physics at the University of Stuttgart. He is known as the founder of synergetics. He is a cousin of the mathematician Wolfgang Haken, who proved the Four ...
(born 1927) *
Emmanuel Rashba Emmanuel I. Rashba (born October 30, 1927, Kyiv) is a Soviet-American theoretical physicist of Jewish origin who worked in Ukraine, Russia and in the United States. Rashba is known for his contributions to different areas of condensed matter physic ...
(born 1927) * (born 1927) *
Sergio Fubini Sergio Fubini (December 31, 1928 – January 6, 2005) was an Italian theoretical physicist. He was one of the pioneers of string theory. He was engaged in peace activism in the Middle East. Biography Fubini was born in Turin. In 1938, he fled t ...
(1928–2005) * Arnold Kosevich (1928–2006) * Hans-Jürgen Treder (1928–2006) * (1928–2007) * Boris Chirikov (1928–2008) * Robert Kraichnan (1928–2008) * Reinhard Oehme (1928–2010) * Michael Tinkham (1928–2010) * Robert Brout (1928–2011) * Richard Arnowitt (1928–2014) * Andrew Sessler (1928–2014) * Sam Edwards (physicist), Samuel Edwards (1928–2015) * Abner Shimony (1928–2015) * (1928–2015) * John W. Cahn (1928–2016) * Stephen Gasiorowicz (1928–2016) * Kerson Huang (1928–2016) * Stanley Mandelstam (1928–2016) * Dmitry Shirkov (1928–2016) * Wolfhart Zimmermann (1928–2016) * Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov (1928–2017) * Silvan S. Schweber (1928–2017) * Roger Elliott (physicist), Roger Elliott (1928–2018) * Louis A. Girifalco (1928–2018) * (1928–2019) * Alan Lidiard (1928–2020) * Tatiana Birshteinª (1928–2022) * Isaac B. Bersuker (born 1928) * Franco Bassani (1929–2008) * Jürgen Ehlers (1929–2008) * Vitaly Shafranov (1929–2014) * Lev Okun (1929–2015) * David Finkelstein (1929–2016) * Lev Gor'kov (1929–2016) * Norman Zabusky (1929–2018) * Murray Gell-Mann (1929–2019) * Ezra T. Newman (1929–2021) * Kurt Gottfried (1929–2022) * Asoke Nath Mitra (1929–2022) * (born 1929) * George B. Field (born 1929) * Semyon Gershtein (born 1929) * Peter Higgs (born 1929) * Friedwardt Winterberg (born 1929) * Joshua Zak (born 1929) * Antonino Zichichi (born 1929) * (1930–2002) * Albert Tavkhelidze (1930–2010) * Riazuddin (physicist), Riazuddin (1930–2013) * Marvin D. Girardeau (1930–2015) * Raymond Stora (1930–2015) * Mildred Dresselhaus (1930–2017) * George Herbert Weiss (1930–2017) * Lodewijk Woltjer (1930–2019) * Richard M. Weiner (1930–2020) * (1930–2021) * John Polkinghorne (1930–2021) * David M. Brink (1930–2021) * Jun Kondo (1930–2022) * Leon Cooper (born 1930) * Aleksandr Gurevich (born 1930) * (born 1930) * Volker Heine (born 1930) * Lawrence Paul Horwitz (born 1930) * Martin Karplus (born 1930) * Joel Lebowitz (born 1930) * (born 1930) * Viktor Maslov (mathematician), Viktor Maslov (born 1930) * John Clayton Taylor (born 1930) * Valentin Turchin (1931–2010) * Richard Liboff (1931–2014) * Tullio Regge (1931–2014) * Vladimir Braginsky* (1931–2016) * Leonid Keldysh (1931–2016) * (1931–2016) * (1931–2018) * George Sudarshan (1931–2018) * John Robert Schrieffer (1931–2019) * Loup Verlet (1931–2019) * Fred Cummings (1931–2019) * Igor Dzyaloshinskii (1931–2021) * Michael Fisher (1931–2021) * Martinus J.G. Veltman, Martinus Veltman (1931–2021) * (1931–2022) * Stanley Deser (born 1931) * Alexei A. Maradudin (born 1931) * Mark Nelkin (born 1931) * Luis de la Peña (born 1931) * Roger Penrose (born 1931) * Valery Pokrovsky (born 1931) * Anatoly Larkin (1932–2005) * Radu Bălescu (1932–2006) * Tom W. B. Kibble, Tom Kibble (1932–2016) * H. Dieter Zeh (1932–2018) * Mark Azbel (1932–2020) * Philippe Nozières (1932–2022) * Yakir Aharonov (born 1932) * Claude Bouchiat (born 1932) * François Englert (born 1932) * Sheldon Glashow (born 1932) * John R. Klauder (born 1932) * Elliott H. Lieb (born 1932) * Charles W. Misner (born 1932) * Stuart A. Rice (born 1932) * Roald Sagdeev (born 1932) * John Dirk Walecka (born 1932) * John Boardman (physicist), John Boardman (born 1932) * Rainer K. Sachs (born 1932) * Huzihiro Araki (born 1932) * (born 1932) * (1933–2005) * Moshe Carmeli (1933–2007) * (1933–2008) * John Quinn (physicist), John Quinn (1933–2018) * Steven Weinberg (1933–2021) * Lev Pitaevskii (1933–2022) * Roger Balian (born 1933) * Steven Frautschi (born 1933) * Jeffrey Goldstone (born 1933) * John Hopfield (born 1933) * James Charles Phillips (born 1933) * Gerald Harris Rosen (born 1933) * Andrzej Trautman (born 1933) * Tai Tsun Wu (born 1933) * Victor Emery (1934–2002) * Julius Wess (1934–2007) * (1934–2011) * Manuel Cardona (1934–2014) * (1934–2015) * Ludvig Faddeev (1934–2017) * Pierre Hohenberg (1934–2017) * Michael Nauenberg (1934–2019) * David J. Thouless (1934–2019) * (1934–2021) * Hiranmay Sen Gupta (1934–2022) * Morton Gurtin (1934–2022) * Jacques Villain (1934–2022) * James Bjorken (born 1934) * Lowell S. Brown, Lowell Brown (born 1934) * Sebastian Doniach (born 1934) * John G. Cramer (born 1934) * Rodney Loudon (born 1934) * Albert Schwarz (born 1934) * Fred Alan Wolf (born 1934) * Roy Kerr (born 1934) * George Zaslavsky (1935–2008) * Nicola Cabibbo (1935–2010) * Walter Greiner (1935–2016) * Oktay Sinanoğlu (1935–2015) * Giancarlo Ghirardi (1935–2018) * Gordon Baym (born 1935) * Carl H. Brans (born 1935) * Francesco Calogero (born 1935) * Marvin L. Cohen (born 1935) * Richard M. Friedberg (born 1935) * Hanoch Gutfreund (born 1935) * N. David Mermin (born 1935) * Harald J.W. Mueller-Kirsten (born 1935) * Igor Dmitriyevich Novikov (born 1935) * (born 1935) * David Ruelle (born 1935) * Yakov Sinai (born 1935) * Evgeny Velikhov (born 1935) * Herbert Wagner (physicist), Herbert Wagner (born 1935) * David Fairlie (born 1935) * Basil Hiley (born 1935) * Jim Peebles (born 1935) * Kenneth G. Wilson (1936–2013) * Gerald Guralnik (1936–2014) * Peter Freund (1936–2018) * (1936–2020) * Abdul Qadeer Khan (1936–2021) * (born 1936) * Klaus Hepp (born 1936) * Rudolf Muradyan (born 1936) * Harold E. Puthoff, Harold Puthoff (born 1936) * Peter Fulde (born 1936) * Eduard Prugovečki (1937–2003) * Praveen Chaudhari (1937–2007) * Sidney Coleman (1937–2007) * Vladimir Arnold (1937–2010) * David Olive (1937–2012) * Leo Kadanoff (1937–2015) * (1937–2017) * Jill Bonner (1937–2021) * Wolfgang Götze (1937–2021) * Gerald Mahan (1937–2021) * Pantur Silaban (1937–2022) * Alexander Fetter (born 1937) * C. R. Hagen (born 1937) * Iosif Khriplovich (born 1937) * Leonid Pastur (born 1937) * Tung-Mow Yan (born 1937) * George Zweig (born 1937) * Arthur Jaffe (born 1937) * (1938–2004) * Balázs Győrffy (1938–2012) * C. V. Vishveshwara (1938–2017) * Neil Ashcroft (1938–2021) * Andrzej Kossakowski (1938–2021) * Alexander Animalu (born 1938) * Boris Arbuzov (physicist), Boris Arbuzov (born 1938) * A. P. Balachandran (born 1938) * Édouard Brézin (born 1938) * Vitaly Efimov (born 1938) * Alexei L. Efros (born 1938) * Vladimir P. Krainov (born 1938) * Anthony James Leggett (born 1938) * Jayant Narlikar (born 1938) * Peter van Nieuwenhuizen (born 1938) * Sergei Novikov (mathematician), Sergei Novikov (born 1938) * Leonard Parker (born 1938) * Lu Jeu Sham (born 1938) * Boris Struminsky (1939–2003) * Roger Cowley (1939–2015) * Yoseph Imry (1939–2018) * Ratko Janev (1939–2019) * Giuseppe Pastori Parravicini (1939–2019) * James M. Bardeen (1939–2022) * Andrei Slavnov (1939–2022) * Stephen L. Adler (born 1939) * Alexander F. Andreev (born 1939) * Carlo Becchi (born 1939) * Daniel Z. Freedman (born 1939) * James Hartle (born 1939) * Roman Jackiw (born 1939) * Pran Nath (physicist), Pran Nath (born 1939) * Ramamurti Rajaraman (born 1939) * Marlan Scully (born 1939) * Vladimir E. Zakharov (born 1939) * George F. R. Ellis (born 1939) * Stuart S. Antman (born 1939) * Francisco José Ynduráin (1940–2008) * Alexei Fridman (1940–2010) * Stanislav Mikheyev (1940–2011) * Marshall Stoneham (1940–2011) * Oscar Lanford (1940–2013) * Emilio Del Giudice (1940–2014) * Lev Lipatov (1940–2017) * Edward Tryon (1940–2019) * Toshihide Maskawa (1940–2021) * Miguel Ángel Virasoro (physicist), Miguel Ángel Virasoro (1940–2021) * Göran Lindblad (physicist), Göran Lindblad (1940–2022) * Stanley Brodsky (born 1940) * Juansher Chkareuli (born 1940) * Mikhail Dyakonov (born 1940) * Eleftherios Economou (born 1940) * Uriel Frisch (born 1940) * Peter Grassberger (born 1940) * (born 1940) * Haim Harari (born 1940) * John Iliopoulos (born 1940) * Brian Josephson (born 1940) * Dmitri Ryutov (born 1940) * Leonard Susskind (born 1940) * Kip Thorne (born 1940) * Igor Tyutin (born 1940) * (born 1940) * Alan Harold Luther (born 1940) * Brosl Hasslacher (1941–2005) * Guido Altarelli (1941–2015) * Thomas Appelquist (born 1941) * William A. Bardeen (born 1941) * Vladimir Belinski (born 1941) * Michael Berry (physicist), Michael Berry (born 1941) * David Gross (born 1941) * Bertrand Halperin (born 1941) * Luciano Maiani (born 1941) * Jeffrey Mandula (born 1941) * Peter Minkowski (born 1941) * Holger Bech Nielsen (born 1941) * Peter Pulay (born 1941) * T. V. Ramakrishnan (born 1941) * John Henry Schwarz (born 1941) * Jerrold E. Marsden (1942–2010) * Stephen Hawking (1942–2018) * Alexander Belavin (born 1942) * Curtis Callan (born 1942) * Victor Sergeevich Fadin (born 1942) * Crispin Gardiner (born 1942) * Robert Geroch (born 1942) * David J. Griffiths (born 1942) * Konrad Osterwalder (born 1942) * Yves Pomeau (born 1942) * (born 1942) * Michael Shur (born 1942) * Arkady Vainshtein (born 1942) * Gabriele Veneziano (born 1942) * Michael C. Reed (born 1942) * Martin Rees (born 1942) * Brandon Carter (born 1942) * Paolo Di Vecchia (born 1942) * Ganesan Srinivasan (born 1942) * Amnon Aharony (born 1943) * V. Balakrishnan (physicist), V. Balakrishnan (born 1943) * Carl M. Bender (born 1943) * Charles H. Bennett (physicist), Charles Bennett (born 1943) * Paul Frampton (born 1943) * Harald Fritzsch (born 1943) * Renata Kallosh (born 1943) * J. Michael Kosterlitz (born 1943) * John Perdew (born 1943) * Richard H. Price (born 1943) * Pierre Ramond (born 1943) * Rashid Sunyaev (born 1943) * Erio Tosatti (born 1943) * Jean Zinn-Justin (born 1943) * Helen Quinn (born 1943) * Davison Soper (born 1943) * Bryan Webber (born 1943) * Mitchell Feigenbaum (1944–2019) * Kurt Binder (born 1944) * Makoto Kobayashi (physicist), Makoto Kobayashi (born 1944) * Alexander Kuzemsky (born 1944) * Rabindra Mohapatra (born 1944) * Anthony Ichiro Sanda (born 1944) * Boris Shklovskii (born 1944) * Michael Thorpe (born 1944) * Rod Crewther (1945–2020) * Sergio Ferrara (born 1945) * Peter Goddard (physicist), Peter Goddard (born 1945) * Alexander Arkadyevich Migdal, Alexander Migdal (born 1945) * Michele Parrinello (born 1945) * Alexander Markovich Polyakov (born 1945) * Nikolai Shakura (born 1945) * Israel Michael Sigal (born 1945) * W. G. Unruh (born 1945) * Bernard de Wit (born 1945) * Jakob Yngvason (born 1945) * Anthony Zee (born 1945) * Stephen A. Fulling (born 1945) * John Kogut (born 1945) * (born 1945) * Gennady Chibisov (1946–2008) * Viacheslav Belavkin (1946–2012) * Vladimir Fortov (1946–2020) * Lorenz S. Cederbaum (born 1946) * İsmail Hakkı Duru (born 1946) * Michael Green (physicist), Michael Green (born 1946) * Gerardus 't Hooft (born 1946) * André Neveu (born 1946) * Charles Thorn (born 1946) * Grigory E. Volovik (born 1946) * (born 1946) * Jean-Bernard Zuber (born 1946) * Barry Simon (born 1946) * Gary Gibbons (born 1946) * Eli Yablonovitch (born 1946) * Jürg Fröhlich (born 1946) * Thomas Spencer (mathematical physicist), Thomas Spencer (born 1946) * (born 1946) * George Sterman (born 1946) * Herbert Spohn (born 1946) * Clifford Martin Will (born 1946) * William E. Caswell (1947–2001) * Jacob Bekenstein (1947–2015) * Claudio Bunster (born 1947) * Roberto Car (born 1947) * John Cardy (born 1947) * Howard Georgi (born 1947) * Alan Guth (born 1947) * John Joannopoulos (born 1947) * Michio Kaku (born 1947) * Walter Selke (born 1947) * (born 1947) * Henry Tye (born 1947) * Robert Wald (born 1947) * Erick Weinberg (born 1947) * Anna N. Żytkow (born 1947) * Thomas Curtright (born 1948) * Gabor Forgacs (born 1948) * Eugene Levich (born 1948) * Andrei Linde (born 1948) * Dimitri Nanopoulos (born 1948) * Don Page (physicist), Don Page (born 1948) * Giorgio Parisi (born 1948) * Douglas Ross (physicist), Douglas Ross (born 1948) * Michael F. Shlesinger (born 1948) * (born 1948) * Alexei Starobinsky (born 1948) * Toshiki Tajima (born 1948) * (born 1948) * Bennie Ward (born 1948) * (1949–2012) * Nihat Berker (born 1949) * Tekin Dereli (born 1949) * Ayşe Erzan (born 1949) * (born 1949) * Steven Gwon Sheng Louie (born 1949) * Richard G. Palmer (born 1949) * Hugh David Politzer (born 1949) * Itamar Procaccia (born 1949) * Mikhail Shifman (born 1949) * Alexander Vilenkin (born 1949) * Joel Feldman (born 1949) * John C. Collins (born 1949) * R. Keith Ellis (born 1949) * (1950–2021) * Carlton M. Caves (born 1950) * Sylvester James Gates (born 1950) * Robert B. Laughlin (born 1950) * Berndt Müller (born 1950) * Stephen Parke (born 1950) * Johann Rafelski (born 1950) * Goran Senjanovic (born 1950) * Kyriakos Tamvakis (born 1950) * Steven Girvin (born 1950) * James Binney (born 1950) * Amir Caldeira (born 1950) * Sergiu Klainerman (born 1950) * Shuichi Nosé (1951–2005) * Demetrios Christodoulou (born 1951) * Ignazio Ciufolini (born 1951) * Thibault Damour (born 1951) * Duncan Haldane, F. Duncan Haldane (born 1951) * Christopher T. Hill (born 1951) * Allan H. MacDonald (born 1951) * Alexei Smirnov (physicist), Alexei Smirnov (born 1951) * Frank Wilczek (born 1951) * Edward Witten (born 1951) * Cosmas Zachos (born 1951) * Wojciech H. Zurek (born 1951) * Philip Candelas (born 1951) * Michael Peskin (born 1951) * Alexei Zamolodchikov (1952–2007) * John D. Barrow (1952–2020) * Ian Affleck (born 1952) * Bernard Derrida (born 1952) * Paul Steinhardt (born 1952) * Horst Stöcker (born 1952) * Christof Wetterich (born 1952) * Alexander Zamolodchikov (born 1952) * Peter Zoller (born 1952) * Savas Dimopoulos (born 1952) * James Stirling (physicist), James Stirling (1953–2018) * Mikhail Voloshin (1953–2020) * Ali Chamseddine (born 1953) * David Deutsch (born 1953) * Boris Feigin (born 1953) * (born 1953) * Stephan W. Koch (born 1953) * John Preskill (born 1953) * Sankar Das Sarma (born 1953) * Daniel L. Stein (born 1953) * José W. F. Valle (born 1953) * Mark B. Wise (born 1953) * Peter Guy Wolynes (born 1953) * Joseph Polchinski (1954–2018) * Alexandre Bouzdine (born 1954) * Mikhail Feigelman (born 1954) * (born 1954) * Lawrence M. Krauss (born 1954) * Michael Loss (born 1954) * David Vanderbilt (born 1954) * Julia Yeomans (born 1954) * Barton Zwiebach (born 1954) * Clifford Taubes (born 1954) * Antti Kupiainen (born 1954) * F. J. Duarte (born 1954) * Valery Rubakov (1955–2022) * Boris Altshuler (born 1955) * Dietrich Belitz (born 1955) * Gilles Brassard (born 1955) * Augusto Sagnotti (born 1955) * Lee Smolin (born 1955) * Alan Sokal (born 1955) * Zlatko Tesanovic (1956–2012) * Kurt Kremer (born 1956) * David Lindley (physicist), David Lindley (born 1956) * Dieter Lüst (born 1956) * Fulvio Melia (born 1956) * Viatcheslav Mukhanov (born 1956) * Carlo Rovelli (born 1956) * Susan M. Scottª (born 1956) * Nathan Seiberg (born 1956) * Ashoke Sen (born 1956) * Sunil Mukhi (born 1956) * Sheldon Katz (born 1956) * (1957–2009) * Thanu Padmanabhan (1957–2021) * Mehran Kardar (born 1957) * Mikhail Katsnelson (born 1957) * Joseph Lykken (born 1957) * Marc Mézard (born 1957) * Peter Woit (born 1957) * Piers Coleman (born 1958) * David Tannor (born 1958) * Neil Turok (born 1958) * Giovanni Felder (born 1958) * Nicolai Reshetikhin (born 1958) * (born 1959) * Stephen Wolfram (born 1959) * Steven R. White (born 1959) * Horng-Tzer Yau (born 1959) * Carlo Beenakker (born 1960) * David Drabold (born 1960) * Raymond Laflamme (born 1960) * Cumrun Vafa (born 1960) * Zvi Bern (born 1960) * John C. Baez (born 1961) * Jacques Distler (born 1961) * Michael R. Douglas (born 1961) * Gian F. Giudice (born 1961) * (born 1961) * Subir Sachdev (born 1961) * Erik Verlinde (born 1961) * Xiao-Gang Wen (born 1961) * Antoine Georges (born 1961) * Jan Philip Solovej (born 1961) * Lance J. Dixon (born 1961) * Jean-Philippe Bouchaud (born 1962) * Marcela Carena (born 1962) * Igor Klebanov (born 1962) * Lisa Randallª (born 1962) * Carlos E.M. Wagner (born 1962) * Ezra Getzler (born 1962) * Gerald B. Cleaver (born 1963) * Brian Greene (born 1963) * Alexei Kitaev (born 1963) * Sandip Trivedi (born 1963) * Gia Dvali (born 1964) * Miguel Alcubierre (born 1964) * Raman Sundrum (born 1964) * (born 1965) * Antony Valentini (born 1965) * Sean M. Carroll (born 1966) * Stephen Hsu (born 1966) * Durmus A. Demir (born 1967) * João Magueijo (born 1967) * Natalia Berloff (born 1968) * Jeff Forshaw (born 1968) * Antony Garrett Lisi (born 1968) * Juan Maldacena (born 1968) * Vijay Balasubramanian (born 1969) * Laura Mersini-Houghtonª (born 1969) * Dam Thanh Son (born 1969) * Shamit Kachru (born 1970) * Eva Silverstein (born 1970) * Mikhail Lukin (born 1971) * Vlatko Vedral (born 1971) * Steven Gubser (1972–2019) * Nima Arkani-Hamed (born 1972) * Shiraz Minwalla (born 1972) * Maxim Chernodub (born 1973) * Luboš Motl (born 1973) * Cédric Villani (born 1973) * Yasunori Nomura (born 1974) * Brian Wecht (born 1975) * Robert Seiringer (born 1976) * Bianca Dittrichª (born 1977) * Davide Gaiotto (born 1977) * Katie Mack (astrophysicist), Katie Mack (born 1981) * K. S. Babu


Fictional theoretical physicists

{{Cleanup-section, reason=, date=September 2015 * Gordon Freeman * Eli Vance * Isaac Kleiner * Rodney McKay * Samantha Carterª * Larry Fleinhardt * List of Angels & Demons characters#Leonardo Vetra, Leonardo Vetra * Quinn Mallory * Maximillian Arturo * Nicholas Rush * Daniel Faraday * Catherine Elizabeth Halsey * Milo Rambaldi * Reed Richards * Doctor Doom, Victor Von Doom * Radek Zelenka * Sheldon Cooper * List of characters in the BioShock series#The Lutece Twins, Rosalind and Robert Lutece * Rick Sanchez


See also

* List of scientists * List of physicists *


Notes

: * Experimentalist also : º Astronomer, astrophysics, astrophysicist or physical cosmology, cosmologist also : ^ Developed new mathematics : † Contributed to chemistry : ‡ Contributed to biology : ª Women in theoretical physics Theoretical physicists, * Physics-related lists, Theoretical physicists